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velxio/frontend/src/data/examples-100-days.ts

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/**
* 100 Days of IoT — example projects by Kritish Mohapatra, from
* https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects
*
* AUTO-GENERATED by `test/test_100_days/_emit_examples_data.py`.
* Do not edit by hand. Re-run the generator after pulling new upstream
* projects:
*
* python test/test_100_days/_emit_examples_data.py
*
* Only the projects Velxio can run end-to-end are emitted (49/78 at the
* time of generation — see test/test_100_days/README.md for the full
* compatibility matrix). Each example is a MicroPython project; the
* editor switches into MicroPython mode automatically when one of these
* is loaded (see utils/loadExample.ts).
*/
import type { ExampleProject } from './examples';
export const hundredDaysExamples: ExampleProject[] = [
{
id: "100d-aqi-esp",
title: "AQI ESP",
description: "AQI ESP on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/predict", methods=["POST"])
def predict():
data = request.get_json()
pm25 = data.get("pm25", 0) * 100
co = data.get("co", 0) / 1000
no = data.get("no", 0) / 1000
nox = data.get("nox", 0) / 1000
aqi = round((pm25 + co + no + nox) / 4, 2)
if aqi <= 50: status = "Good"
elif aqi <= 100: status = "Moderate"
elif aqi <= 200: status = "Unhealthy"
else: status = "Hazardous"
return jsonify({"predicted_aqi": aqi, "status": status})
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import urequests
import time
from machine import Pin, ADC, I2C
import dht
import ssd1306
# ================= WIFI =================
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "@Kpass"
SERVER_URL = "http://ip:5000/predict"
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
while not wifi.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected:", wifi.ifconfig())
# ================= OLED =================
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
# ================= DHT =================
# Velxio's simulator emulates the DHT22 waveform, so use dht.DHT22 here.
# On real hardware with a DHT11, switch back to dht.DHT11.
dht_sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(27))
last_temp = 0
last_hum = 0
# ================= SENSORS =================
mq135 = ADC(Pin(34)) # NO / NOx (estimated)
mq7 = ADC(Pin(33)) # CO
pm_adc = ADC(Pin(35))
pm_led = Pin(4, Pin.OUT)
for adc in [mq135, mq7, pm_adc]:
adc.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)
# ================= FUNCTIONS =================
def read_avg(adc, n=10):
return sum(adc.read() for _ in range(n)) // n
def read_pm25():
pm_led.off()
time.sleep_us(280)
val = pm_adc.read()
time.sleep_us(40)
pm_led.on()
time.sleep_us(9680)
return round(val * (3.3 / 4095), 3)
# ================= MAIN LOOP =================
print("System Initializing...")
time.sleep(5)
print("System Ready")
while True:
# ---- DHT11 (LOCAL DISPLAY ONLY) ----
try:
dht_sensor.measure()
last_temp = dht_sensor.temperature()
last_hum = dht_sensor.humidity()
except:
pass # keep last valid value
payload = {
"no": read_avg(mq135),
"co": read_avg(mq7),
"nox": read_avg(mq135),
"pm25": read_pm25()
}
try:
response = urequests.post(SERVER_URL, json=payload)
result = response.json()
response.close()
aqi = round(result["predicted_aqi"], 2)
status = result["status"]
except Exception as e:
# No prediction server reachable (SERVER_URL is a placeholder in the
# simulator) — fall back to the same formula app.py applies, locally.
pm25 = payload["pm25"] * 100
co = payload["co"] / 1000
no = payload["no"] / 1000
nox = payload["nox"] / 1000
aqi = round((pm25 + co + no + nox) / 4, 2)
if aqi <= 50:
status = "Good"
elif aqi <= 100:
status = "Moderate"
elif aqi <= 200:
status = "Unhealthy"
else:
status = "Hazardous"
# ---- OLED DISPLAY ----
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("AQI MONITOR", 0, 0)
oled.text("AQI: {}".format(aqi), 0, 14)
oled.text(status, 0, 26)
oled.text("Temp: {} C".format(last_temp), 0, 42)
oled.text("Hum : {} %".format(last_hum), 0, 54)
oled.show()
print("Sent:", payload)
print("AQI:", aqi, status)
time.sleep(5)
` },
{ name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
# MIT License; Copyright (c) 2016 Damien P. George (upstream micropython/drivers)
# Shipped with this example because the ESP32 firmware does not freeze it in.
from micropython import const
import framebuf
# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()
def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout
SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()
def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
def contrast(self, contrast):
self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)
def invert(self, invert):
self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)
class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)
class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time
self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "aqi-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "aqi-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 260, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "aqi-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "http_server", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-auto-night-light-using-ldr-esp32-plus-micropython",
title: "Auto Night Light using LDR (ESP32 + MicroPython)",
description: "Auto Night Light using LDR (ESP32 + MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses LDR. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "sensors",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC
from time import sleep
# Initialize LDR on ADC pin 34
ldr = ADC(Pin(34))
ldr.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # full range 0-3.3V
# Initialize LED on GPIO2
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
# Threshold for turning LED on/off
threshold = 500
while True:
light = ldr.read() # Read LDR value
print(light)
if light < threshold: # It's dark
led.on() # Turn LED ON
else: # It's bright
led.off() # Turn LED OFF
sleep(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "ldr", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-battery-monitor-with-blynk-iot",
title: "Battery Monitor with Blynk IoT",
description: "Battery Monitor with Blynk IoT on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra
import network
from machine import ADC, Pin
import BlynkLib
from time import sleep
# WiFi
WIFI_SSID = "kritish"
WIFI_PASS = "pass"
# Blynk
AUTH = "jXJlUYM2K8a5uA2c"
# ADC
adc = ADC(0)
RATIO = 0.863
BATTERY_TABLE = [
(4.20, 100), (4.10, 90), (4.00, 80),
(3.90, 70), (3.80, 60), (3.70, 45),
(3.60, 30), (3.50, 15), (3.40, 5),
(2.80, 0)
]
def read_voltage(samples=20):
raw = sum(adc.read() for _ in range(samples)) / samples
v_a0 = (raw / 1023) * 3.3
v_bat = (v_a0 * 2) * RATIO
return round(v_bat, 2)
def volt_to_pct(v):
if v >= 4.20: return 100
if v <= 2.80: return 0
for i in range(len(BATTERY_TABLE) - 1):
v_high, pct_high = BATTERY_TABLE[i]
v_low, pct_low = BATTERY_TABLE[i + 1]
if v >= v_low:
ratio = (v - v_low) / (v_high - v_low)
return int(pct_low + ratio * (pct_high - pct_low))
return 0
# WiFi Connect
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS)
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig())
# Blynk Init
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# Main Loop
timer = 0
while True:
blynk.run()
timer += 1
if timer >= 3000:
timer = 0
v = read_voltage()
pct = volt_to_pct(v)
blynk.virtual_write(0, v) # V0 = Voltage
blynk.virtual_write(1, pct) # V1 = Battery %
print(f"Sent → {v}V | {pct}%")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-bluetooth-based-wireless-led-control-system",
title: "Bluetooth Based Wireless LED Control System",
description: "Bluetooth Based Wireless LED Control System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses BLE. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, UART
uart = UART(0, 9600)
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
print("Bluetooth Control Ready")
while True:
if uart.any() > 0:
data = uart.read().decode().strip() # decode bytes → string
print("Received:", data)
if "on" in data.lower():
led.value(1)
print("LED ON")
uart.write("LED ON\\n")
elif "off" in data.lower():
led.value(0)
print("LED OFF")
uart.write("LED OFF\\n")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "ble", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-blynk-based-iot-relay-control-micropython",
title: "Blynk Based IoT Relay Control (MicroPython)",
description: "Blynk Based IoT Relay Control (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2025 Kritish Mohapatra'''
import network
from machine import Pin
import BlynkLib
from time import sleep
# -------- WIFI DETAILS --------
wifissid = "ssid" # Your Wi-Fi SSID
wifipass = "pass" # Your Wi-Fi password
# Blynk Authorization Token (replace with your Blynk app's token)
auth = "gmETsu4VJeGAjNaoV006ytWOUA"
# -------- RELAY / LED --------
relay = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) # GP15 (Best for Pico 2 W)
relay.value(1) # OFF (Active LOW)
# -------- WIFI CONNECT --------
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass)
while not sta_if.isconnected():
sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig())
# -------- BLYNK INIT --------
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# -------- VIRTUAL PIN V1 --------
@blynk.on("V1")
def v1_handler(value):
try:
relay.value(not int(value[0]))
print("Relay State:", value[0])
except:
print("Invalid data")
# -------- MAIN LOOP --------
while True:
blynk.run()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-blynk-controlled-dc-brushless-fan",
title: "Blynk Controlled DC Brushless Fan",
description: "Blynk Controlled DC Brushless Fan on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
from machine import Pin
import BlynkLib
from time import sleep
# -------- WIFI DETAILS --------
wifissid = "ssid"
wifipass = "pass"
# -------- BLYNK AUTH --------
auth = "gmETsutWOUA"
# -------- RELAY --------
relay = Pin(15, Pin.OUT)
relay.value(1) # Relay OFF (Active LOW)
# -------- WIFI CONNECT --------
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
wifi.connect(wifissid, wifipass)
print("Connecting WiFi...")
while not wifi.isconnected():
sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected:", wifi.ifconfig())
# -------- BLYNK INIT --------
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# -------- BUTTON ON V1 --------
@blynk.on("V1")
def v1_handler(value):
state = int(value[0])
if state == 1:
relay.value(0) # Relay ON
print("Fan ON")
else:
relay.value(1) # Relay OFF
print("Fan OFF")
# -------- MAIN LOOP --------
while True:
blynk.run()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-clap-toggle-switch-using-esp32-and-digital-sound-sensor-micropython",
title: "Clap Toggle Switch using ESP32 & Digital Sound Sensor (MicroPython)",
description: "Clap Toggle Switch using ESP32 & Digital Sound Sensor (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "sensors",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin
import time
sound = Pin(15, Pin.IN)
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
state = 0 # 0 = OFF, 1 = ON
last_time = 0
debounce = 500 # ms (clap gap)
while True:
if sound.value() == 1:
current_time = time.ticks_ms()
# debounce check
if time.ticks_diff(current_time, last_time) > debounce:
state = not state # TOGGLE
led.value(state)
print("Clap! LED:", "ON" if state else "OFF")
last_time = current_time
# wait until sound goes low
while sound.value() == 1:
pass
time.sleep_ms(20)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-dc-motor-speed-control-web-slider",
title: "DC Motor Speed Control (Web Slider)",
description: "DC Motor Speed Control (Web Slider) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import socket
from machine import Pin, PWM
from time import sleep_ms
# -------- WiFi --------
ssid = "kritish"
password = "pass"
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
while not wlan.isconnected():
pass
print("Open:", wlan.ifconfig()[0])
# -------- Motor --------
ENA = PWM(Pin(13), freq=1000)
IN1 = Pin(12, Pin.OUT)
IN2 = Pin(14, Pin.OUT)
IN1.on()
IN2.off()
ENA.duty(0)
def set_motor(speed):
speed = int(speed)
if speed <= 0:
ENA.duty(0)
return
# kick start for 6V + L298N
ENA.duty(1023)
sleep_ms(150)
ENA.duty(speed)
# -------- HTML --------
html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>ESP32 DC Motor Control</h2>
<input type="range" min="0" max="1023" value="0"
oninput="send(this.value)">
<p>Speed: <span id="v">0</span></p>
<script>
function send(val){
document.getElementById("v").innerHTML = val;
fetch("/set?speed=" + val);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
"""
# -------- Server --------
addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(addr)
s.listen(1)
print("Server running")
while True:
cl, addr = s.accept()
req = cl.recv(1024).decode()
if "/set?speed=" in req:
try:
part = req.split("/set?speed=")[1]
spd = part.split(" ")[0]
set_motor(spd)
print("Speed set:", spd)
except:
pass
cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\nOK")
cl.close()
continue
cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n")
cl.send(html)
cl.close()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-dht11-web-server-using-esp32-and-micropython",
title: "DHT11 Web Server using ESP32 & MicroPython",
description: "DHT11 Web Server using ESP32 & MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import machine
import network
import time
import socket
import dht
# DHT11 sensor setup
sensor = dht.DHT22(machine.Pin(4)) # GPIO4 — Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
# Wi-Fi credentials
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "@Krrs2069"
# Wi-Fi connection
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
if not wifi.isconnected():
print("Connecting to WiFi...", end="")
wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
while not wifi.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print(".", end="")
print("\\nConnected to WiFi:", wifi.ifconfig()[0])
else:
print("Already connected to WiFi:", wifi.ifconfig()[0])
def web_page(temp, hum):
# Corrected HTML with proper humidity unit and a cleaner f-string format.
html = f"""<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ESP32 DHT11 SERVER</title>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="3">
<style>
body {{
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
text-align: center;
background: linear-gradient(to right, #f6ff00, #a600ff);
color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}}
h1 {{
margin-top: 20px;
font-size: 2.5em;
text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}}
.container {{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
gap: 20px;
margin-top: 50px;
}}
.card {{
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
padding: 30px;
border-radius: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
width: 250px;
transition: transform 0.2s;
}}
.card:hover {{
transform: scale(1.05);
}}
.value {{
font-size: 2em;
margin-top: 10px;
font-weight: bold;
}}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ESP32 DHT11 WEBSERVER</h1>
<div class="container">
<div class="card">
<h2>🌡 Temperature</h2>
<div class="value">{temp} °C</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h2>💧 Humidity</h2>
<div class="value">{hum} %</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-top:40px;">Auto-refreshing every 3 seconds ⏳</p>
<p class="footer">© 2025 Kritish. Powered by MicroPython.</p>
</body>
</html>"""
return html
# Start web server
addr = socket.getaddrinfo("0.0.0.0", 80)[0][-1]
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(addr)
server.listen(1)
print("Web server running on:", wifi.ifconfig()[0])
while True:
try:
# Read sensor
sensor.measure()
temp = sensor.temperature()
hum = sensor.humidity()
# Handle client
client, addr = server.accept()
print("Client connected from", addr)
request = client.recv(1024)
# Check for valid sensor readings before serving the page
if isinstance(temp, (int, float)) and isinstance(hum, (int, float)):
response = web_page(temp, hum)
else:
# Handle cases where sensor reading fails
response = "<h1>Sensor reading failed. Please try again.</h1>"
client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n")
client.sendall(response)
client.close()
except OSError as e:
print("Failed to read sensor or a socket error occurred:", e)
time.sleep(10) # Wait a bit before trying again
except Exception as e:
print("An unexpected error occurred:", e)
time.sleep(10)` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "dweb-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "dweb-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "dweb-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "dweb-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-dimmer-led-using-potentiometer-micropython",
title: "Dimmer LED using Potentiometer (MicroPython)",
description: "Dimmer LED using Potentiometer (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC, PWM
from time import sleep
pot = ADC(Pin(34)) # Potentiometer
pot.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0 - 3.3V range
led = PWM(Pin(2)) # LED on GPIO2
led.freq(1000) # 1 kHz PWM frequency
while True:
val = pot.read() # 0–4095 range
duty = int((val / 4095) * 1023) # scale to PWM duty
led.duty(duty)
print("ADC:", val, "→ PWM:", duty)
sleep(0.1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"],
},
{
id: "100d-dual-ir-entry-exit-detector-with-telegram-alerts",
title: "Dual IR Entry Exit Detector with Telegram Alerts",
description: "Dual IR Entry Exit Detector with Telegram Alerts on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Telegram, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import urequests
import machine
import time
# ─── WiFi ─────────────────────────────────────────────
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "iot"
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
while not wifi.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected!")
print(wifi.ifconfig())
# ─── Telegram ─────────────────────────────────────────
BOT_TOKEN = ""
CHAT_ID = 54 # int only, no quotes
def send_telegram(msg):
msg_encoded = msg.replace(" ", "%20").replace("\\n", "%0A")
url = (
"https://api.telegram.org/bot"
+ BOT_TOKEN
+ "/sendMessage?chat_id="
+ str(CHAT_ID)
+ "&text="
+ msg_encoded
)
try:
r = urequests.get(url)
print("Telegram response:", r.text[:60])
r.close()
except Exception as e:
print("Telegram error:", e)
# ─── Pins ─────────────────────────────────────────────
ir_entry = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.IN) # Entry IR
ir_exit = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.IN) # Exit IR
red_led = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT) # Red LED
green_led = machine.Pin(25, machine.Pin.OUT) # Green LED
red_led.value(0)
green_led.value(0)
print("System Ready!")
# ─── Main Loop ────────────────────────────────────────
entry_triggered = False
exit_triggered = False
while True:
entry_val = ir_entry.value()
exit_val = ir_exit.value()
# Entry IR blocked
if entry_val == 0 and not entry_triggered:
entry_triggered = True
exit_triggered = False
red_led.value(1) # Red ON - object inside
green_led.value(0)
print("Object Entered!")
send_telegram("Object Entered!")
# Exit IR blocked
if exit_val == 0 and not exit_triggered and entry_triggered:
exit_triggered = True
entry_triggered = False
red_led.value(0) # Red OFF
green_led.value(1) # Green ON - object gone
print("Object Gone!")
send_telegram("Object Gone!")
time.sleep(2) # Green stays for 2 sec
green_led.value(0)
time.sleep(0.1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "telegram", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-eeprom-simulation-using-micropython-on-esp32-wokwi",
title: "EEPROM Simulation using MicroPython on ESP32 (Wokwi)",
description: "EEPROM Simulation using MicroPython on ESP32 (Wokwi) on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `# ===== EEPROM Simulation (File-based) =====
EEPROM_FILE = "eeprom.dat"
EEPROM_SIZE = 512
def eeprom_init():
try:
with open(EEPROM_FILE, "rb"):
print("EEPROM exists")
except:
print("Creating EEPROM...")
with open(EEPROM_FILE, "wb") as f:
f.write(bytearray(EEPROM_SIZE))
def eeprom_read_byte(addr):
with open(EEPROM_FILE, "rb") as f:
f.seek(addr)
return f.read(1)[0]
def eeprom_write_byte(addr, val):
with open(EEPROM_FILE, "r+b") as f:
f.seek(addr)
f.write(bytes([val]))
# ===== String Functions (Arduino Style) =====
def save_string(address, text):
for i, ch in enumerate(text):
if eeprom_read_byte(address + i) != ord(ch):
eeprom_write_byte(address + i, ord(ch))
# null terminator
if eeprom_read_byte(address + len(text)) != 0:
eeprom_write_byte(address + len(text), 0)
def read_string(address):
result = ""
while address < EEPROM_SIZE:
b = eeprom_read_byte(address)
if b == 0:
break
result += chr(b)
address += 1
return result
# ===== Main Logic =====
while True:
eeprom_init()
print("\\nEnter a string to save in EEPROM:")
text_to_save = input()
stored_text = read_string(0)
if text_to_save != stored_text:
save_string(0, text_to_save)
print("String saved in EEPROM.")
else:
print("String is same as previous one.")
print("Stored Text in EEPROM:", read_string(0))
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-esp32-ble-led-control",
title: "ESP32 BLE LED Control",
description: "ESP32 BLE LED Control on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses BLE. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, Timer
import ubluetooth
from time import sleep_ms
message = ""
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) # Normal ESP32 onboard LED
class ESP32_BLE():
def __init__(self, name):
self.timer = Timer(0)
self.name = name
self.is_connected = False
self.ble = ubluetooth.BLE()
self.ble.active(True)
self.disconnected()
self.ble.irq(self.ble_irq)
self.register()
self.advertiser()
def connected(self):
self.is_connected = True
self.timer.deinit()
led.value(1) # Solid ON = connected
def disconnected(self):
self.is_connected = False
led.value(0)
self.timer.init(period=500, mode=Timer.PERIODIC,
callback=lambda t: led.value(not led.value())) # Blink = disconnected
def ble_irq(self, event, data):
global message
if event == 1:
self.connected()
elif event == 2:
self.advertiser()
self.disconnected()
elif event == 3:
buffer = self.ble.gatts_read(self.rx)
message = buffer.decode('UTF-8').strip()
print("Received:", message)
def register(self):
NUS_UUID = '6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E'
RX_UUID = '6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E'
TX_UUID = '6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E'
BLE_NUS = ubluetooth.UUID(NUS_UUID)
BLE_RX = (ubluetooth.UUID(RX_UUID), ubluetooth.FLAG_WRITE)
BLE_TX = (ubluetooth.UUID(TX_UUID), ubluetooth.FLAG_NOTIFY)
BLE_UART = (BLE_NUS, (BLE_TX, BLE_RX,))
SERVICES = (BLE_UART,)
((self.tx, self.rx,),) = self.ble.gatts_register_services(SERVICES)
def send(self, data):
if not self.is_connected:
print("Not connected!")
return
try:
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode('UTF-8')
self.ble.gatts_notify(0, self.tx, data + b'\\n')
except Exception as e:
print("Send error:", e)
def advertiser(self):
name = bytes(self.name, 'UTF-8')
adv_data = bytearray(b'\\x02\\x01\\x02') + bytearray((len(name) + 1, 0x09)) + name
self.ble.gap_advertise(100, adv_data)
print("Advertising as:", self.name)
ble = ESP32_BLE("ESP32")
while True:
if message == "LED_ON":
led.value(1)
print("LED ON")
ble.send("LED is ON")
message = ""
elif message == "LED_OFF":
led.value(0)
print("LED OFF")
ble.send("LED is OFF")
message = ""
elif message == "STATUS":
status = "LED is ON" if led.value() else "LED is OFF"
print(status)
ble.send(status)
message = ""
sleep_ms(100)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "ble", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-esp32-hotspot-access-point-setup-micropython",
title: "ESP32 Hotspot (Access Point) Setup MicroPython",
description: "ESP32 Hotspot (Access Point) Setup MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import time
ap=network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
ap.active(True)
ap.config(essid="ESP32_HOTSPOT", password="@Kritish", authmode=network.AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK)
while not ap.active():
time.sleep(1)
print("✅ ESP32 Hotspot Started")
print("📶 SSID: ESP32_HOTSPOT")
print("🌐 IP Address:", ap.ifconfig()[0])
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-esp32-ir-sensor-telegram-alert-micropython",
title: "ESP32 IR Sensor Telegram Alert (MicroPython)",
description: "ESP32 IR Sensor Telegram Alert (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Telegram, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import urequests
import machine
import time
import ujson
# -------- WiFi --------
SSID = "ssid"
PASSWORD = "@pass"
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
while not wifi.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected ✅")
print(wifi.ifconfig())
# -------- Telegram --------
BOT_TOKEN = "bottoken"
CHAT_ID = -12457 # int ONLY
def send_telegram(msg):
msg = msg.replace(" ", "%20").replace("\\n", "%0A")
url = (
"https://api.telegram.org/bot"
+ BOT_TOKEN
+ "/sendMessage?chat_id="
+ str(CHAT_ID)
+ "&text="
+ msg
)
r = urequests.get(url)
print("Telegram response:", r.text)
r.close()
# -------- IR Sensor --------
ir = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.IN)
print("System Ready 🚀")
last_alert = 0
ALERT_DELAY = 10
while True:
if ir.value() == 0:
if time.time() - last_alert > ALERT_DELAY:
print("🚨 Object Detected!")
send_telegram("🚨 IR ALERT!\\nObject detected near ESP32")
last_alert = time.time()
time.sleep(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "telegram", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-esp32-oled-smart-ui-eyes-animation-time-and-weather-micropython",
title: "ESP32 OLED Smart UI Eyes Animation Time & Weather (MicroPython)",
description: "ESP32 OLED Smart UI Eyes Animation Time & Weather (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, I2C
import ssd1306
from time import sleep, localtime, time
import network, ntptime
import urequests as requests
import urandom as random
# ================= CONFIG =================
SSID = "ssid"
PASSWORD = "pass"
# IST Offset: 5 hours 30 mins = (5*3600 + 30*60) = 19800 seconds
UTC_OFFSET = 19800
OWM_API_KEY = "key"
CITY = "city"
# ================= HARDWARE =================
# Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses)
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
touch_next = Pin(14, Pin.IN)
touch_sel = Pin(27, Pin.IN)
# ================= UTILS =================
def wifi_connect():
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
for _ in range(20):
if wlan.isconnected(): break
sleep(0.5)
def sync_time():
try:
ntptime.host = "pool.ntp.org"
ntptime.settime()
print("Time Synced!")
return True
except:
print("Sync Failed")
return False
def get_local_time():
return localtime(time() + UTC_OFFSET)
def wait_for_release(pin):
while pin.value():
sleep(0.05)
def pressed(pin):
if pin.value():
sleep(0.1)
wait_for_release(pin)
return True
return False
# ================= EYE SYSTEM =================
def draw_eye(x, y, state=2, look=0):
w, h = 24, 16
if state == 0: # Closed
oled.fill_rect(x, y + (h//2), w, 2, 1)
elif state == 1: # Half-open
oled.rect(x, y + (h//4), w, h//2, 1)
oled.fill_rect(x + 8 + look, y + (h//4) + 2, 8, 4, 1)
elif state == 2: # Fully Open
oled.rect(x, y, w, h, 1)
oled.fill_rect(x + 6 + look, y + 4, 10, 8, 1)
def animate_eyes_step():
dirs = [-4, 0, 4]
look_dir = dirs[random.getrandbits(8) % 3]
for _ in range(30):
oled.fill(0)
draw_eye(25, 22, state=2, look=look_dir)
draw_eye(78, 22, state=2, look=look_dir)
oled.show()
if touch_sel.value():
wait_for_release(touch_sel)
return True
sleep(0.1)
for p in [1, 0, 1]:
oled.fill(0)
draw_eye(25, 22, state=p, look=look_dir)
draw_eye(78, 22, state=p, look=look_dir)
oled.show()
sleep(0.05)
return False
# ================= SCREENS =================
def show_time_screen():
while True:
t = get_local_time()
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("TIME (IST)", 30, 0)
# Time format: HH:MM:SS
oled.text("{:02d}:{:02d}:{:02d}".format(t[3], t[4], t[5]), 30, 25)
# Date format: DD/MM/YYYY
oled.text("{:02d}/{:02d}/{}".format(t[2], t[1], t[0]), 22, 40)
oled.text("Nxt:Sync,Sel:Ext", 0, 55)
oled.show()
if touch_next.value():
sync_time()
wait_for_release(touch_next)
if pressed(touch_sel):
break
def show_weather_screen():
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Loading...", 30, 25)
oled.show()
try:
url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={}&appid={}&units=metric".format(CITY, OWM_API_KEY)
res = requests.get(url).json()
temp, hum = res['main']['temp'], res['main']['humidity']
desc = res['weather'][0]['main']
while True:
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("WEATHER: " + CITY, 0, 0)
oled.text("Temp: {}C".format(temp), 10, 20)
oled.text("Hum: {}%".format(hum), 10, 35)
oled.text("Cond: " + desc, 10, 50)
oled.show()
if pressed(touch_sel): break
except:
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("API Error", 30, 25)
oled.show()
sleep(2)
# ================= MAIN =================
WELCOME, EYES, MENU, TIME_S, WEATHER = range(5)
state = WELCOME
menu = ["TIME", "WEATHER", "BACK"]
menu_index = 0
wifi_connect()
sync_time()
while True:
if state == WELCOME:
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Welcome Kritish", 5, 25)
oled.show()
sleep(2)
state = EYES
elif state == EYES:
if animate_eyes_step():
state = MENU
elif state == MENU:
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("-- MENU --", 30, 0)
for i, item in enumerate(menu):
marker = ">" if i == menu_index else " "
oled.text("{} {}".format(marker, item), 10, 20 + i*12)
oled.show()
if pressed(touch_next):
menu_index = (menu_index + 1) % len(menu)
if pressed(touch_sel):
choice = menu[menu_index]
if choice == "TIME": state = TIME_S
elif choice == "WEATHER": state = WEATHER
else: state = EYES
elif state == TIME_S:
show_time_screen()
state = MENU
elif state == WEATHER:
show_weather_screen()
state = MENU
` },
{ name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
from micropython import const
import framebuf
# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)
# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()
def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout
SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()
def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
def contrast(self, contrast):
self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)
def invert(self, invert):
self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)
class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)
class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time
self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "eyes-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-pushbutton", "id": "eyes-btn-next", "x": 420, "y": 260, "properties": {"color": "blue"}}, {"type": "wokwi-pushbutton", "id": "eyes-btn-sel", "x": 540, "y": 260, "properties": {"color": "green"}}],
wires: [{"id": "eyes-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-next-pin", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-next", "pinName": "1.l"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-next-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-next", "pinName": "2.l"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-sel-pin", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-sel", "pinName": "1.l"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-sel-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-sel", "pinName": "2.l"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-flask-server-based-led-control-using-micropython",
title: "Flask Server Based LED Control using MicroPython",
description: "Flask Server Based LED Control using MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, jsonify, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
led_state = {"value": 0}
@app.route("/")
def home():
return render_template("index.html")
@app.route("/led/on")
def led_on():
led_state["value"] = 1
return "OK"
@app.route("/led/off")
def led_off():
led_state["value"] = 0
return "OK"
@app.route("/led/state")
def get_state():
return jsonify(led_state)
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network, urequests, time
from machine import Pin
# LED
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
# WiFi
ssid = "kritish"
password = "pass"
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("Connected:", wlan.ifconfig())
# Flask server URL
SERVER = "http://ip:5000/led/state"
while True:
try:
r = urequests.get(SERVER)
state = r.json()["value"]
r.close()
led.value(state)
print("LED =", state)
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
time.sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "http_server", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-iot-atmospheric-monitoring-system-using-esp32-wowki-and-blynk",
title: "IoT Atmospheric Monitoring System using ESP32, wowki & Blynk",
description: "IoT Atmospheric Monitoring System using ESP32, wowki & Blynk on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "bmp180.py", content: `'''
bmp180.py — Velxio simulator adaptation.
Keeps the classic BMP180 driver API the original project uses
(BMP180(i2c), .oversample, .sealevel, .temperature, .pressure, .altitude)
but talks to the BMP280 barometric sensor that the Velxio ESP32 simulator
emulates on the I2C bus (chip id 0x58, address 0x76/0x77) — the BMP180
itself is not in the simulator's catalogue.
On real hardware with an actual BMP180, replace this module with the
classic driver: https://github.com/micropython-IMU/micropython-bmp180
'''
from ustruct import unpack
class BMP180:
def __init__(self, i2c):
self._i2c = i2c
# Probe the two possible addresses directly instead of i2c.scan():
# a full-bus scan stalls on Velxio's in-browser ESP32 engine.
self._addr = 0x76
for addr in (0x76, 0x77):
try:
self._i2c.readfrom_mem(addr, 0xD0, 1) # chip-id register
self._addr = addr
break
except OSError:
pass
# BMP280 trimming coefficients live at 0x88..0x9F
buf = self._i2c.readfrom_mem(self._addr, 0x88, 24)
(self._T1, self._T2, self._T3,
self._P1, self._P2, self._P3, self._P4, self._P5,
self._P6, self._P7, self._P8, self._P9) = unpack('<HhhHhhhhhhhh', buf)
# normal mode, temperature x2 / pressure x16 oversampling
self._i2c.writeto_mem(self._addr, 0xF4, b'\\x57')
self.oversample = 2 # kept for API compatibility (unused)
self.sealevel = 101325 # Pa — used by .altitude
def _read_raw(self):
b = self._i2c.readfrom_mem(self._addr, 0xF7, 6)
adc_p = (b[0] << 12) | (b[1] << 4) | (b[2] >> 4)
adc_t = (b[3] << 12) | (b[4] << 4) | (b[5] >> 4)
return adc_t, adc_p
# Bosch BMP280 compensation formulas (datasheet section 3.11.3)
def _t_fine(self, adc_t):
v1 = (((adc_t >> 3) - (self._T1 << 1)) * self._T2) >> 11
s = (adc_t >> 4) - self._T1
v2 = ((s * s >> 12) * self._T3) >> 14
return v1 + v2
@property
def temperature(self):
'''Temperature in degrees C.'''
adc_t, _ = self._read_raw()
return ((self._t_fine(adc_t) * 5 + 128) >> 8) / 100
@property
def pressure(self):
'''Pressure in Pa (same unit as the classic BMP180 driver).'''
adc_t, adc_p = self._read_raw()
tf = self._t_fine(adc_t)
v1 = tf / 2.0 - 64000.0
v2 = v1 * v1 * self._P6 / 32768.0
v2 = v2 + v1 * self._P5 * 2.0
v2 = v2 / 4.0 + self._P4 * 65536.0
v1 = (self._P3 * v1 * v1 / 524288.0 + self._P2 * v1) / 524288.0
v1 = (1.0 + v1 / 32768.0) * self._P1
if v1 == 0:
return 0.0
p = 1048576.0 - adc_p
p = (p - v2 / 4096.0) * 6250.0 / v1
p = p + (self._P9 * p * p / 2147483648.0
+ p * self._P8 / 32768.0 + self._P7) / 16.0
return p
@property
def altitude(self):
'''Altitude in m, from pressure vs the configured sea-level pressure.'''
try:
return 44330.0 * (1.0 - (self.pressure / self.sealevel) ** (1.0 / 5.255))
except Exception:
return 0.0
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `
'''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra'''
import network
from machine import I2C, Pin
import BlynkLib
from time import sleep
from bmp180 import BMP180
# -------- WiFi --------
wifissid = "Wokwi-GUEST"
wifipass = ""
# -------- Blynk Token --------
# Replace with your real Blynk Cloud token to see the data on a dashboard.
# The demo keeps printing sensor readings on the serial monitor either way.
auth = "dashboard-token"
# Connect WiFi
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass)
while not sta_if.isconnected():
sleep(0.1)
print("Connected to Wi-Fi:", sta_if.ifconfig())
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# -------- BMP180 I2C --------
# The simulator emulates the ESP32's hardware I2C controller, so use
# machine.I2C — a bit-banged SoftI2C bus is not decoded by the emulator.
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))
bmp = BMP180(i2c)
bmp.oversample = 2
bmp.sealevel = 101325 # sea level pressure
# -------- MAIN LOOP --------
while True:
temp = bmp.temperature
pressure = bmp.pressure / 100 # Pa → hPa
altitude = bmp.altitude
print("Temp:", temp, "C")
print("Pressure:", pressure, "hPa")
print("Altitude:", altitude, "m")
print("----------------------")
# Send to Blynk
try:
blynk.run()
blynk.virtual_write(0, temp) # V0 Temperature
blynk.virtual_write(1, pressure) # V1 Pressure
blynk.virtual_write(2, altitude) # V2 Altitude
except Exception as e:
print("Blynk error, continuing offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "velxio-bmp280", "id": "atm-bmp1", "x": 430, "y": 150, "properties": {"temperature": "24.5", "pressure": "1013.25"}}],
wires: [{"id": "atm-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "atm-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "atm-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "atm-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "SCL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-iot-based-dsm-smart-metering",
title: "IoT Based DSM Smart Metering",
description: "IoT Based DSM Smart Metering on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, OTA, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "dsm_code1_csv.py", content: `# ============================================================
# DSM Smart Meter — Code 1: Data Collection
# CSV Serial Output → Copy → MATLAB Plot
# Author : Kritish Mohapatra
#
# ZMPT101B → GPIO34 (Voltage)
# ACS712 #1 → GPIO35 (Fan / Light Load)
# ACS712 #2 → GPIO32 (Iron / Heavy Load)
# Relay 1 → GPIO26 (Fan)
# Relay 2 → GPIO27 (Iron)
# ============================================================
import network
import machine
import math
import BlynkLib
from time import time
# ─── WiFi Credentials ────────────────────────────────────────
WIFI_SSID = "Kritish"
WIFI_PASS = "@pass"
# ─── Blynk Auth ──────────────────────────────────────────────
AUTH = "oizEb24"
# ─── ADC Setup ───────────────────────────────────────────────
adc_voltage = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(34))
adc_current1 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(35))
adc_current2 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(32))
adc_voltage.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc_current1.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc_current2.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# ─── Relay + LED ─────────────────────────────────────────────
r1 = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT)
r2 = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.OUT)
led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)
r1.value(1)
r2.value(1)
led.value(0)
# ─── Calibration ─────────────────────────────────────────────
ADC_MAX = 4095
ADC_VREF = 3.3
ZMPT_SENSITIVITY = 133.8 # voltage calibrated: actual=216V
ACS712_SENSITIVITY = 0.100 # V/A for 20A variant
ACS_ZERO_FAN = 0.8736
ACS_ZERO_IRON = 0.8746
CURR_FACTOR_FAN = 0.005
CURR_FACTOR_IRON = 0.055
CURRENT_THRESHOLD = 0.01 # below this → 0.00A
SAMPLE_COUNT = 500
# ─── Fake Time ───────────────────────────────────────────────
FAKE_START_HOUR = 18 # 6 PM
FAKE_START_MIN = 0
fake_total_min = FAKE_START_HOUR * 60 + FAKE_START_MIN
# ─── State ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
fan_on = False
iron_on = False
# ─── WiFi Connect ────────────────────────────────────────────
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS)
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig())
# ─── Blynk Init ──────────────────────────────────────────────
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# ─── Blynk Switch Handlers ───────────────────────────────────
@blynk.on("V3")
def v3_handler(value):
global fan_on
fan_on = value[0] == '1'
r1.value(0 if fan_on else 1)
led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0)
print(f"# FAN {'ON' if fan_on else 'OFF'}")
@blynk.on("V4")
def v4_handler(value):
global iron_on
iron_on = value[0] == '1'
r2.value(0 if iron_on else 1)
led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0)
print(f"# IRON {'ON' if iron_on else 'OFF'}")
# ─── Sensor Functions ────────────────────────────────────────
def read_voltage_rms():
sum_sq = 0.0
for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT):
raw = adc_voltage.read()
v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF
centered = v - (ADC_VREF / 2.0)
scaled = centered * ZMPT_SENSITIVITY
sum_sq += scaled * scaled
return math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT)
def read_current_rms(adc, zero_offset, factor):
sum_sq = 0.0
for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT):
raw = adc.read()
v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF
centered = v - zero_offset
amps = centered / ACS712_SENSITIVITY
sum_sq += amps * amps
rms = math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) * factor
return 0.0 if rms < CURRENT_THRESHOLD else rms
def get_readings():
v = read_voltage_rms()
i1 = read_current_rms(adc_current1, ACS_ZERO_FAN, CURR_FACTOR_FAN)
i2 = read_current_rms(adc_current2, ACS_ZERO_IRON, CURR_FACTOR_IRON)
if r1.value() == 1: i1 = 0.0
if r2.value() == 1: i2 = 0.0
if r1.value() == 1 and r2.value() == 1: v = 0.0
p1 = v * i1
p2 = v * i2
pt = p1 + p2
return v, p1, p2, pt
# ─── Fake Time ───────────────────────────────────────────────
def get_fake_time():
global fake_total_min
h = (fake_total_min // 60) % 24
m = fake_total_min % 60
fake_total_min += 1
return h, m
# ─── Main Loop ───────────────────────────────────────────────
# CSV Header
print("# DSM Smart Meter — Code 1 Data Collection")
print("# Copy everything below (except lines with #) to data.csv")
print("Time,Voltage,FanPower,IronPower,TotalPower,FanStatus,IronStatus")
timer = 0
while True:
blynk.run()
timer += 1
if timer >= 3000:
timer = 0
v, p1, p2, pt = get_readings()
h, m = get_fake_time()
time_str = f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}"
# CSV line — copy this to MATLAB
print(f"{time_str},{v:.2f},{p1:.1f},{p2:.1f},{pt:.1f},{1 if fan_on else 0},{1 if iron_on else 0}")
# Blynk upload
blynk.virtual_write(0, round(v, 2))
blynk.virtual_write(1, round(p1, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(2, round(p2, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(3, 1 if fan_on else 0)
blynk.virtual_write(4, 1 if iron_on else 0)
blynk.virtual_write(5, round(pt, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(6, round(pt, 1))` },
{ name: "dsm_code2_peakshift.py", content: `# ============================================================
# DSM Smart Meter — Code 2: Peak Shifting (With DSM)
# Auto Iron OFF during peak hour
# Author : Kritish Mohapatra
#
# ZMPT101B → GPIO34 (Voltage)
# ACS712 #1 → GPIO35 (Fan / Light Load)
# ACS712 #2 → GPIO32 (Iron / Heavy Load)
# Relay 1 → GPIO26 (Fan)
# Relay 2 → GPIO27 (Iron)
#
# BLYNK VIRTUAL PINS
# V0 → Voltage gauge
# V1 → Light Load power (Fan)
# V2 → Heavy Load power (Iron)
# V3 → Switch 1 (Fan ON/OFF)
# V4 → Switch 2 (Iron ON/OFF)
# V5 → Power Graph (SuperChart)
# V6 → Total Power gauge
#
# FAKE TIME SCHEDULE (IST):
# 18:00 – 18:06 → All OFF
# 18:06 → Fan ON
# 18:17 – 18:48 → PEAK ZONE → Iron AUTO OFF
# 18:49 → Iron AUTO restore
# 18:57 → Fan OFF
# ============================================================
import network
import machine
import math
import BlynkLib
from time import time
# ─── WiFi Credentials ────────────────────────────────────────
WIFI_SSID = "kritish"
WIFI_PASS = "pass"
# ─── Blynk Auth ──────────────────────────────────────────────
AUTH = "auth"
# ─── ADC Setup ───────────────────────────────────────────────
adc_voltage = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(34))
adc_current1 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(35))
adc_current2 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(32))
adc_voltage.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc_current1.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
adc_current2.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# ─── Relay + LED ─────────────────────────────────────────────
r1 = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT)
r2 = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.OUT)
led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)
r1.value(1)
r2.value(1)
led.value(0)
# ─── Calibration ─────────────────────────────────────────────
ADC_MAX = 4095
ADC_VREF = 3.3
ZMPT_SENSITIVITY = 133.8 # voltage calibrated: actual=216V
ACS712_SENSITIVITY = 0.100 # V/A for 20A variant
ACS_ZERO_FAN = 0.8736
ACS_ZERO_IRON = 0.8746
CURR_FACTOR_FAN = 0.005
CURR_FACTOR_IRON = 0.055
CURRENT_THRESHOLD = 0.01 # below this → 0.00A
SAMPLE_COUNT = 500
# ─── Fake Time ───────────────────────────────────────────────
FAKE_START_HOUR = 18
FAKE_START_MIN = 0
fake_total_min = FAKE_START_HOUR * 60 + FAKE_START_MIN
# ─── Peak Window (fake IST minutes) ──────────────────────────
PEAK_START = 18 * 60 + 17 # 18:17
PEAK_END = 18 * 60 + 49 # 18:49
# ─── State ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
fan_on = False
iron_on = False
iron_wanted = False
dsm_active = False
# ─── WiFi Connect ────────────────────────────────────────────
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS)
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig())
# ─── Blynk Init ──────────────────────────────────────────────
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True)
# ─── Blynk Switch Handlers ───────────────────────────────────
@blynk.on("V3")
def v3_handler(value):
global fan_on
fan_on = value[0] == '1'
r1.value(0 if fan_on else 1)
led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0)
print(f"# FAN {'ON' if fan_on else 'OFF'}")
@blynk.on("V4")
def v4_handler(value):
global iron_wanted
iron_wanted = value[0] == '1'
print(f"# IRON {'ON' if iron_wanted else 'OFF'} (requested)")
# ─── Sensor Functions ────────────────────────────────────────
def read_voltage_rms():
sum_sq = 0.0
for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT):
raw = adc_voltage.read()
v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF
centered = v - (ADC_VREF / 2.0)
scaled = centered * ZMPT_SENSITIVITY
sum_sq += scaled * scaled
return math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT)
def read_current_rms(adc, zero_offset, factor):
sum_sq = 0.0
for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT):
raw = adc.read()
v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF
centered = v - zero_offset
amps = centered / ACS712_SENSITIVITY
sum_sq += amps * amps
rms = math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) * factor
return 0.0 if rms < CURRENT_THRESHOLD else rms
def get_readings():
v = read_voltage_rms()
i1 = read_current_rms(adc_current1, ACS_ZERO_FAN, CURR_FACTOR_FAN)
i2 = read_current_rms(adc_current2, ACS_ZERO_IRON, CURR_FACTOR_IRON)
if r1.value() == 1: i1 = 0.0
if r2.value() == 1: i2 = 0.0
if r1.value() == 1 and r2.value() == 1: v = 0.0
p1 = v * i1
p2 = v * i2
pt = p1 + p2
return v, p1, p2, pt
# ─── Fake Time ───────────────────────────────────────────────
def get_fake_time():
global fake_total_min
h = (fake_total_min // 60) % 24
m = fake_total_min % 60
current = fake_total_min
fake_total_min += 1
return h, m, current
# ─── DSM Peak Shifting Logic ─────────────────────────────────
def run_dsm(current_min):
global iron_on, dsm_active
is_peak = (PEAK_START <= current_min < PEAK_END)
if is_peak and iron_wanted and not dsm_active:
# Peak hour mein iron OFF karo
iron_on = False
r2.value(1)
dsm_active = True
led.value(1 if fan_on else 0)
print("# DSM: PEAK HOUR → Iron AUTO OFF!")
blynk.virtual_write(7, "⚠ PEAK! Iron AUTO OFF")
elif not is_peak and dsm_active:
if iron_wanted:
iron_on = True
r2.value(0)
dsm_active = False
led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0)
print("# DSM: Peak over → Iron RESTORED!")
blynk.virtual_write(7, "✓ Peak over. Iron restored!")
elif not is_peak and iron_wanted and not dsm_active:
iron_on = True
r2.value(0)
elif not iron_wanted:
iron_on = False
r2.value(1)
dsm_active = False
# ─── Main Loop ───────────────────────────────────────────────
print("# DSM Smart Meter — Code 2: Peak Shifting Mode")
print(f"# Peak window: 18:17 – 18:49 (fake IST)")
print("Time,Voltage,FanPower,IronPower,TotalPower,FanStatus,IronStatus,DSM")
timer = 0
while True:
blynk.run()
timer += 1
if timer >= 3000:
timer = 0
h, m, current_min = get_fake_time()
# DSM logic
run_dsm(current_min)
v, p1, p2, pt = get_readings()
time_str = f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}"
dsm_flag = 1 if dsm_active else 0
# CSV output
print(f"{time_str},{v:.2f},{p1:.1f},{p2:.1f},{pt:.1f},{1 if fan_on else 0},{1 if iron_on else 0},{dsm_flag}")
# Blynk upload
blynk.virtual_write(0, round(v, 2))
blynk.virtual_write(1, round(p1, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(2, round(p2, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(3, 1 if fan_on else 0)
blynk.virtual_write(4, 1 if iron_on else 0)
blynk.virtual_write(5, round(pt, 1))
blynk.virtual_write(6, round(pt, 1))
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `# Velxio entry point — the project ships two standalone variants:
# dsm_code1_csv.py — smart metering with CSV serial output (runs here)
# dsm_code2_peakshift.py — peak-shift automation variant (open it and copy
# its contents over this import to try it instead)
import dsm_code1_csv
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "ota", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-iot-environment-monitoring-with-anomaly-detection",
title: "IoT Environment Monitoring With Anomaly Detection",
description: "IoT Environment Monitoring With Anomaly Detection on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, LDR, ThingSpeak, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import urequests as requests
import time
from machine import Pin, ADC
import dht
# --------------------------
# WiFi Credentials
# --------------------------
SSID = "yourssid"
PASS = "yourpassword"
# --------------------------
# ThingSpeak Details
# --------------------------
API_KEY = "yourapikey"
BASE_URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/update"
# --------------------------a
# Sensors Setup
# --------------------------
d = dht.DHT22(Pin(2)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
ldr = ADC(0) # A0 pin for LDR
# --------------------------
# Connect to WiFi
# --------------------------
def connect_wifi():
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta.active(True)
if not sta.isconnected():
print("Connecting WiFi...")
sta.connect(SSID, PASS)
while not sta.isconnected():
time.sleep(0.5)
print("Connected:", sta.ifconfig())
connect_wifi()
# --------------------------
# Upload Loop
# --------------------------
while True:
try:
d.measure()
temp = d.temperature()
hum = d.humidity()
light = ldr.read()
print("Temp:", temp, "°C", "Hum:", hum, "%", "LDR:", light)
url = f"{BASE_URL}?api_key={API_KEY}&field1={temp}&field2={hum}&field3={light}"
r = requests.get(url)
print("Uploaded:", r.text)
r.close()
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
time.sleep(15) # ThingSpeak min 15 sec
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "env-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "env-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "env-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "env-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "ldr", "micropython", "thingspeak", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-iot-relay-control-web-server-raspberry-pi-pico-2w",
title: "IoT Relay Control Web Server (Raspberry Pi Pico 2W)",
description: "IoT Relay Control Web Server (Raspberry Pi Pico 2W) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import socket
import machine
import time
# -------- Relay Setup --------
relay = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # GP2 (active LOW)
relay_state = 1 # 1 = OFF, 0 = ON
relay.value(relay_state)
# -------- WiFi --------
ssid = "ssid"
password = "pass"
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
print("Connecting...")
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep(0.5)
ip = wlan.ifconfig()[0]
print("Connected at:", ip)
# -------- Web Page --------
def webpage(state):
checked = "checked" if state == 0 else ""
status = "ON" if state == 0 else "OFF"
return """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Relay Switch</title>
<style>
body {
background:#111;
color:white;
font-family:Arial;
text-align:center;
margin-top:60px;
}
.switch {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
width: 80px;
height: 40px;
}
.switch input {
opacity: 0;
width: 0;
height: 0;
}
.slider {
position: absolute;
cursor: pointer;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
background-color: red;
transition: .2s;
border-radius: 40px;
}
.slider:before {
position: absolute;
content: "";
height: 32px;
width: 32px;
left: 4px;
bottom: 4px;
background-color: white;
transition: .2s;
border-radius: 50%;
}
input:checked + .slider {
background-color: green;
}
input:checked + .slider:before {
transform: translateX(40px);
}
</style>
<script>
function send(cmd, state){
fetch(cmd);
document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = state;
history.pushState({}, "", cmd);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>IOT RELAY WEB SWITCH</h1>
<h2>Status: <span id="status">""" + status + """</span></h2>
<label class="switch">
<input type="checkbox" """ + checked + """
onchange="
if(this.checked){
send('/on','ON');
} else {
send('/off','OFF');
}
">
<span class="slider"></span>
</label>
</body>
</html>
"""
# -------- Socket --------
s = socket.socket()
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s.bind((ip, 80))
s.listen(1)
print("Open browser: http://" + ip)
# -------- Main Loop --------
while True:
conn, addr = s.accept()
request = conn.recv(1024)
request = str(request)
if "/on" in request:
relay_state = 0
relay.value(relay_state)
elif "/off" in request:
relay_state = 1
relay.value(relay_state)
conn.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n")
conn.sendall(webpage(relay_state))
conn.close()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-iot-smart-irrigation-system",
title: "IoT Smart Irrigation System",
description: "IoT Smart Irrigation System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra'''
import network
import time
from machine import Pin, ADC
import BlynkLib
# 🔑 Blynk
BLYNK_AUTH = "auth"
# 🌐 WiFi
WIFI_SSID = "kritish"
WIFI_PASS = "@pass"
# 📍 Pins
SOIL_PIN = 3 # ADC
RELAY_PIN = 1 # Relay (active LOW)
# 🌱 Soil ADC setup
soil = ADC(Pin(SOIL_PIN))
soil.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0–3.3V
soil.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 0–4095
# 💧 Relay setup
relay = Pin(RELAY_PIN, Pin.OUT)
relay.on() # Pump OFF initially
# 🌐 WiFi connect (safe)
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(False)
time.sleep(1)
wifi.active(True)
time.sleep(1)
wifi.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS)
print("Connecting WiFi", end="")
t0 = time.time()
while not wifi.isconnected():
print(".", end="")
time.sleep(1)
if time.time() - t0 > 20:
print("\\nWiFi failed")
break
if wifi.isconnected():
print("\\nWiFi OK:", wifi.ifconfig())
# 📲 Blynk init
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# 🔘 Manual Pump Control (V1)
@blynk.on("V1")
def pump_control(value):
if int(value[0]) == 1:
relay.off() # Pump ON
print("Pump ON")
else:
relay.on() # Pump OFF
print("Pump OFF")
# 📊 Read soil & send to Blynk
def read_soil():
raw = soil.read() # 0–4095
moisture = int((4095 - raw) * 100 / 4095)
moisture = max(0, min(100, moisture))
print("Soil:", moisture, "%")
blynk.virtual_write(5, moisture)
# 🔁 Main loop
last = time.ticks_ms()
while True:
if wifi.isconnected():
blynk.run()
if time.ticks_diff(time.ticks_ms(), last) > 2000:
read_soil()
last = time.ticks_ms()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-joystick-controlled-servo",
title: "Joystick Controlled Servo",
description: "Joystick Controlled Servo on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import machine
import time
# ── Hardware setup ────────────────────────────────────────────
vrx = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(26)) # Joystick X axis
servo = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(0))
servo.freq(50) # SG90 = 50Hz
# ── Servo helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────
def set_angle(angle):
# 0° = 1000us, 90° = 1500us, 180° = 2000us
us = int(1000 + (angle / 180) * 1000)
duty = int(us * 65535 / 20000)
servo.duty_u16(duty)
# ── Map helper ────────────────────────────────────────────────
def map_val(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max):
return int((x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min)
# ── Main loop ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
print("Joystick Servo Control ready!")
while True:
# Average 5 samples for smooth reading
x_raw = sum(vrx.read_u16() for _ in range(5)) // 5
# Map joystick (0-65535) to angle (0-180)
angle = map_val(x_raw, 0, 65535, 0, 180)
set_angle(angle)
print(f"Raw: {x_raw} Angle: {angle}°")
time.sleep(0.05)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"],
},
{
id: "100d-joystick-direction-display-with-oled",
title: "Joystick Direction Display with OLED",
description: "Joystick Direction Display with OLED on Raspberry Pi Pico (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "raspberry-pi-pico",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin, I2C
import ssd1306
import time
# Joystick
vrx = ADC(Pin(26))
vry = ADC(Pin(27))
sw = Pin(15, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
# OLED
i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1), freq=400000)
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
def show_direction(direction, x, y, btn):
oled.fill(0)
# Big arrow in center
if direction == "UP":
oled.text("^", 58, 20, 1)
oled.text("UP", 52, 35, 1)
elif direction == "DOWN":
oled.text("v", 58, 20, 1)
oled.text("DOWN", 48, 35, 1)
elif direction == "RIGHT":
oled.text(">", 58, 20, 1)
oled.text("RIGHT", 44, 35, 1)
elif direction == "LEFT":
oled.text("<", 58, 20, 1)
oled.text("LEFT", 48, 35, 1)
elif direction == "PRESSED":
oled.text("* SW *", 40, 20, 1)
oled.text("PRESSED", 36, 35, 1)
else:
oled.text("+", 58, 20, 1)
oled.text("CENTER", 40, 35, 1)
# Raw values at bottom
oled.text(f"X:{x:4d} Y:{y:4d}", 0, 52, 1)
oled.show()
print("Pico 2 Joystick + OLED Ready!")
while True:
x = vrx.read_u16() >> 4
y = vry.read_u16() >> 4
btn = sw.value()
if btn == 0:
direction = "PRESSED"
elif x > 3000:
direction = "RIGHT"
elif x < 1000:
direction = "LEFT"
elif y > 3000:
direction = "DOWN"
elif y < 1000:
direction = "UP"
else:
direction = "CENTER"
show_direction(direction, x, y, btn)
print(f"X={x:4d} Y={y:4d} SW={btn} -> {direction}")
time.sleep_ms(150)` },
{ name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
from micropython import const
import framebuf
# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)
# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()
def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout
SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()
def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
def contrast(self, contrast):
self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)
def invert(self, invert):
self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)
class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)
class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time
self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "joy-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-analog-joystick", "id": "joy-stick1", "x": 440, "y": 240, "properties": {}}],
wires: [{"id": "joy-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "joy-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "joy-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP0"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "joy-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP1"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "joy-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "joy-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND.1"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "joy-horz", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP26"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "HORZ"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "joy-vert", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP27"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "VERT"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "joy-sel", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP15"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "SEL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}],
tags: ["100-days", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "raspberry-pi-pico", "rp2040"],
},
{
id: "100d-mq4-gas-leak-detection-system-using-esp32-and-micropython",
title: "MQ4 Gas Leak Detection System using ESP32 and MicroPython",
description: "MQ4 Gas Leak Detection System using ESP32 and MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin
import time
# MQ4 gas sensor setup
mq4 = ADC(Pin(34)) # Analog input pin
mq4.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Full voltage range
mq4.width(ADC.WIDTH_10BIT) # 10-bit resolution
# Buzzer setup
buzzer = Pin(15, Pin.OUT)
# Threshold for gas alert (tune this based on testing)
GAS_THRESHOLD = 240
while True:
gas_value = mq4.read()
voltage = gas_value * 3.3 / 1023
print("Gas reading (raw):", gas_value)
print("Voltage:", round(voltage, 2), "V")
# Alert condition
if gas_value > GAS_THRESHOLD:
buzzer.on()
print("⚠️ Gas leak detected! Buzzer ON")
else:
buzzer.off()
print("----------------------------")
time.sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-mq7-co-gas-detection-esp32",
title: "MQ7 CO Gas Detection ESP32",
description: "MQ7 CO Gas Detection ESP32 on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin
import time
# MQ-7 analog output on GPIO 35
mq7 = ADC(Pin(35))
mq7.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0–3.3V
mq7.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 12-bit ADC
print("MQ-7 CO Sensor Test")
print("Warming up MQ-7 sensor (60 seconds)...")
# Warm-up phase
time.sleep(60)
print("Start reading MQ-7 values")
while True:
readings = []
for i in range(10):
readings.append(mq7.read())
time.sleep(0.1)
avg_val = sum(readings) // len(readings)
print("MQ-7 ADC Value:", avg_val)
time.sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-mq-135-gas-sensor-with-esp32-micropython",
title: "MQ 135 Gas Sensor with ESP32 (MicroPython)",
description: "MQ 135 Gas Sensor with ESP32 (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "sensors",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin
import time
# MQ-135 connected to GPIO 34
mq135 = ADC(Pin(34))
mq135.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Allow 0–3.3V
mq135.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 12-bit ADC (0–4095)
print("MQ-135 Sensor Test")
print("Warming up sensor...")
time.sleep(10) # short warm-up for testing
while True:
total = 0
samples = 10
for i in range(samples):
val = mq135.read()
total += val
time.sleep(0.1)
avg_val = total // samples
print("MQ-135 ADC Value:", avg_val)
time.sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "ota"],
},
{
id: "100d-micropython-watch",
title: "MicroPython Watch",
description: "MicroPython Watch on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import ntptime
import urequests
import ssd1306
import utime
from machine import Pin, I2C
last_weather_time = 0
weather_temp = 0
# Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses)
i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(5), scl=Pin(6), freq=100000)
oled=ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
ssid="ssid"
password="pass"
API_KEY = "8ac1a66e4d9097"
def connect_wifi():
wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Connecting...", 0, 20, 1)
oled.show()
while not wlan.isconnected():
utime.sleep(1)
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Wifi ok!", 20, 20, 1)
oled.text(wlan.ifconfig()[0], 0, 35, 1)
oled.show()
utime.sleep(2)
def show_greeting():
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Hi Kritish!", 20, 28, 1)
oled.show()
utime.sleep(2)
def sync_time():
try:
ntptime.settime()
except:
pass
def get_time():
IST=5*3600+30*60
return utime.localtime(utime.time()+IST)
def show_time():
lt=get_time()
h= "{:02d}".format(lt[3])
m="{:02d}".format(lt[4])
day="{:02d}".format(lt[2])
month="{:02d}".format(lt[1])
yr="{:02d}".format(lt[0])
oled.fill(0)
oled.hline(0, 0, 128, 1) # top line
oled.hline(0, 63, 128, 1) # bottom line
oled.text(h+":"+m,30, 20, 1)
oled.text(day+"/"+month+"/"+yr, 20, 35, 1)
global last_weather_time, weather_temp
if utime.time() - last_weather_time >= 600:
weather_temp = get_weather()
last_weather_time = utime.time()
oled.text(str(int(weather_temp))+" Cel", 45, 50, 1)
oled.show()
def get_weather():
url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=Bhubaneswar,IN&appid={}&units=metric".format(API_KEY)
try:
r = urequests.get(url)
data = r.json()
r.close()
return data["main"]["temp"]
except Exception as e:
print("Weather fetch failed (offline?):", e)
return weather_temp # keep the last known value
def show_logo():
oled.fill(0)
oled.fill_rect(0, 0, 32, 32, 1)
oled.fill_rect(2, 2, 28, 28, 0)
oled.vline(9, 8, 22, 1)
oled.vline(16, 2, 22, 1)
oled.vline(23, 8, 22, 1)
oled.fill_rect(26, 24, 2, 4, 1)
oled.text('MicroPython', 40, 0, 1)
oled.text('Clock', 40, 12, 1)
oled.text('By Kritish', 40, 24, 1)
oled.show()
utime.sleep(2)
connect_wifi()
show_greeting()
show_logo()
sync_time()
while True:
show_time()
utime.sleep(1)
` },
{ name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
from micropython import const
import framebuf
# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)
# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()
def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout
SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()
def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
def contrast(self, contrast):
self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)
def invert(self, invert):
self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)
class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)
class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time
self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "watch-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}],
wires: [{"id": "watch-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "watch-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "watch-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "watch-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "6"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-ntp-synchronized-digital-clock-using-esp32-and-max7219",
title: "NTP Synchronized Digital Clock using ESP32 & MAX7219",
description: "NTP Synchronized Digital Clock using ESP32 & MAX7219 on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses MAX7219, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `
from machine import Pin, SPI
import max7219
import time
import network
import ntptime
# ========== WIFI CONFIG ==========
SSID = "Wokwi-GUEST"
PASSWORD = ""
# ========== CONNECT WIFI ==========
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting WiFi...")
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("WiFi Connected:", wlan.ifconfig())
# ========== NTP TIME SYNC ==========
print("Syncing time from NTP...")
ntptime.settime() # UTC time
# ========== SPI MAX7219 ==========
spi = SPI(1, baudrate=10000000, polarity=1, phase=0,
sck=Pin(4), mosi=Pin(2))
cs = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)
display = max7219.Matrix8x8(spi, cs, 5) # 5 matrices
display.brightness(5)
# Colon draw function
def draw_colon(x):
display.pixel(x, 2, 1)
display.pixel(x, 5, 1)
# Timezone offset (India = UTC +5:30)
TZ_OFFSET = 5*3600 + 30*60
# ========== MAIN LOOP ==========
while True:
t = time.time() + TZ_OFFSET
tm = time.localtime(t)
hh = "{:02d}".format(tm[3])
mm = "{:02d}".format(tm[4])
ss = "{:02d}".format(tm[5])
# SERIAL PRINT
print("TIME:", hh, mm)
# DISPLAY
display.fill(0)
display.text(hh, 0, 0, 1)
draw_colon(18)
draw_colon(19)
display.text(mm, 22, 0, 1)
display.show()
time.sleep(1) ` },
{ name: "max7219.py", content: `"""
MicroPython max7219 cascadable 8x8 LED matrix driver
https://github.com/mcauser/micropython-max7219
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2017 Mike Causer
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"""
from micropython import const
import framebuf
_NOOP = const(0)
_DIGIT0 = const(1)
_DECODEMODE = const(9)
_INTENSITY = const(10)
_SCANLIMIT = const(11)
_SHUTDOWN = const(12)
_DISPLAYTEST = const(15)
class Matrix8x8:
def __init__(self, spi, cs, num):
"""
Driver for cascading MAX7219 8x8 LED matrices.
>>> import max7219
>>> from machine import Pin, SPI
>>> spi = SPI(1)
>>> display = max7219.Matrix8x8(spi, Pin('X5'), 4)
>>> display.text('1234',0,0,1)
>>> display.show()
"""
self.spi = spi
self.cs = cs
self.cs.init(cs.OUT, True)
self.buffer = bytearray(8 * num)
self.num = num
fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(self.buffer, 8 * num, 8, framebuf.MONO_HMSB)
self.framebuf = fb
# Provide methods for accessing FrameBuffer graphics primitives. This is a workround
# because inheritance from a native class is currently unsupported.
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
self.fill = fb.fill # (col)
self.pixel = fb.pixel # (x, y[, c])
self.hline = fb.hline # (x, y, w, col)
self.vline = fb.vline # (x, y, h, col)
self.line = fb.line # (x1, y1, x2, y2, col)
self.rect = fb.rect # (x, y, w, h, col)
self.fill_rect = fb.fill_rect # (x, y, w, h, col)
self.text = fb.text # (string, x, y, col=1)
self.scroll = fb.scroll # (dx, dy)
self.blit = fb.blit # (fbuf, x, y[, key])
self.init()
def _write(self, command, data):
self.cs(0)
for m in range(self.num):
self.spi.write(bytearray([command, data]))
self.cs(1)
def init(self):
for command, data in (
(_SHUTDOWN, 0),
(_DISPLAYTEST, 0),
(_SCANLIMIT, 7),
(_DECODEMODE, 0),
(_SHUTDOWN, 1),
):
self._write(command, data)
def brightness(self, value):
if not 0 <= value <= 15:
raise ValueError("Brightness out of range")
self._write(_INTENSITY, value)
def show(self):
for y in range(8):
self.cs(0)
for m in range(self.num):
self.spi.write(bytearray([_DIGIT0 + y, self.buffer[(y * self.num) + m]]))
self.cs(1)` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "max7219", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-ota-update-pico2w",
title: "OTA Update Pico2W",
description: "OTA Update Pico2W on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "boot.py", content: `# boot.py - Runs automatically every time Pico starts
import ota
ota.check_and_update()` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import time
from machine import Pin
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
while True:
led.on()
print("LED ON - Version 1.0.0")
time.sleep(1)
led.off()
print("LED OFF - Version 1.0.0")
time.sleep(1)` },
{ name: "ota.py", content: `import network
import urequests
import time
import machine
# ---- FILL YOUR DETAILS HERE ----
SSID = "your_wifi_name"
PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password"
GITHUB_USER = "kritishmohapatra"
GITHUB_REPO = "pico-ota-test"
# --------------------------------
BASE_URL = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/main/"
def connect_wifi():
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
timeout = 15
while not wlan.isconnected() and timeout > 0:
time.sleep(1)
timeout -= 1
if wlan.isconnected():
print("WiFi connected! IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0])
return True
print("WiFi connection failed!")
return False
def get_local_version():
try:
with open("local_version.txt", "r") as f:
return f.read().strip()
except:
return "0.0.0"
def get_remote_version():
try:
r = urequests.get(BASE_URL + "version.txt")
v = r.text.strip()
r.close()
return v
except Exception as e:
print("Version check failed:", e)
return None
def check_and_update():
if not connect_wifi():
return
remote = get_remote_version()
local = get_local_version()
print(f"Local version: {local}")
print(f"Remote version: {remote}")
if remote and remote != local:
print("New update found! Downloading...")
try:
r = urequests.get(BASE_URL + "main.py")
with open("main.py", "w") as f:
f.write(r.text)
r.close()
with open("local_version.txt", "w") as f:
f.write(remote)
print("Update done! Restarting...")
time.sleep(2)
machine.reset()
except Exception as e:
print("Update failed:", e)
else:
print("Already on latest version!")` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "ota", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-pir-motion-detector-using-raspberry-pi-pico-2w-and-micropython",
title: "PIR Motion Detector using Raspberry Pi Pico 2W & MicroPython",
description: "PIR Motion Detector using Raspberry Pi Pico 2W & MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin
import time
pir = Pin(16, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_DOWN) # PIR sensor pin
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) # Built-in LED
print("PIR Motion Detector Started...")
while True:
if pir.value() == 1:
print("Motion Detected!")
led.value(1)
time.sleep(1)
else:
print("No motion")
led.value(0)
time.sleep(0.2)` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w"],
},
{
id: "100d-password-lock-system-using-esp32",
title: "Password Lock System using ESP32",
description: "Password Lock System using ESP32 on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses I\u00b2C LCD. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "i2c_lcd.py", content: `# Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C.
# This was tested with: https://www.wemos.cc/product/d1-mini.html
# https://github.com/dhylands/python_lcd/blob/master/lcd/machine_i2c_lcd.py
from lcd_api import LcdApi
from time import sleep_ms
# The PCF8574 has a jumper selectable address: 0x20 - 0x27
DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR = 0x27
# Defines shifts or masks for the various LCD line attached to the PCF8574
MASK_RS = 0x01
MASK_RW = 0x02
MASK_E = 0x04
SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3
SHIFT_DATA = 4
class I2cLcd(LcdApi):
"""Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C."""
def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns):
self.i2c = i2c
self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0]))
sleep_ms(20) # Allow LCD time to powerup
# Send reset 3 times
self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
sleep_ms(5) # need to delay at least 4.1 msec
self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
sleep_ms(1)
self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET)
sleep_ms(1)
# Put LCD into 4 bit mode
self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION)
sleep_ms(1)
LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns)
cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION
if num_lines > 1:
cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES
self.hal_write_command(cmd)
def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble):
"""Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD.
This particular function is only used during initialization.
"""
byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
def hal_backlight_on(self):
"""Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on."""
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT]))
def hal_backlight_off(self):
"""Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off."""
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0]))
def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
"""Writes a command to the LCD.
Data is latched on the falling edge of E.
"""
byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
if cmd <= 3:
# The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec
sleep_ms(5)
def hal_write_data(self, data):
"""Write data to the LCD."""
byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E]))
self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte]))
` },
{ name: "lcd_api.py", content: `# Provides an API for talking to HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
# https://github.com/dhylands/python_lcd/tree/master/lcd
import time
class LcdApi:
"""Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs.
This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get
them to the LCD.
It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions.
"""
# The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h
# header file, however, I changed the definitions from bit numbers
# to bit masks.
#
# HD44780 LCD controller command set
LCD_CLR = 0x01 # DB0: clear display
LCD_HOME = 0x02 # DB1: return to home position
LCD_ENTRY_MODE = 0x04 # DB2: set entry mode
LCD_ENTRY_INC = 0x02 # --DB1: increment
LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT = 0x01 # --DB0: shift
LCD_ON_CTRL = 0x08 # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on
LCD_ON_DISPLAY = 0x04 # --DB2: turn display on
LCD_ON_CURSOR = 0x02 # --DB1: turn cursor on
LCD_ON_BLINK = 0x01 # --DB0: blinking cursor
LCD_MOVE = 0x10 # DB4: move cursor/display
LCD_MOVE_DISP = 0x08 # --DB3: move display (0-> move cursor)
LCD_MOVE_RIGHT = 0x04 # --DB2: move right (0-> left)
LCD_FUNCTION = 0x20 # DB5: function set
LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT = 0x10 # --DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode)
LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08 # --DB3: two lines (0->one line)
LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04 # --DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font)
LCD_FUNCTION_RESET = 0x30 # See "Initializing by Instruction" section
LCD_CGRAM = 0x40 # DB6: set CG RAM address
LCD_DDRAM = 0x80 # DB7: set DD RAM address
LCD_RS_CMD = 0
LCD_RS_DATA = 1
LCD_RW_WRITE = 0
LCD_RW_READ = 1
def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns):
self.num_lines = num_lines
if self.num_lines > 4:
self.num_lines = 4
self.num_columns = num_columns
if self.num_columns > 40:
self.num_columns = 40
self.cursor_x = 0
self.cursor_y = 0
self.implied_newline = False
self.backlight = True
self.display_off()
self.backlight_on()
self.clear()
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC)
self.hide_cursor()
self.display_on()
def clear(self):
"""Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left
corner.
"""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR)
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME)
self.cursor_x = 0
self.cursor_y = 0
def show_cursor(self):
"""Causes the cursor to be made visible."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)
def hide_cursor(self):
"""Causes the cursor to be hidden."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)
def blink_cursor_on(self):
"""Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK)
def blink_cursor_off(self):
"""Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid)."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY |
self.LCD_ON_CURSOR)
def display_on(self):
"""Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY)
def display_off(self):
"""Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD."""
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL)
def backlight_on(self):
"""Turns the backlight on.
This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
"""
self.backlight = True
self.hal_backlight_on()
def backlight_off(self):
"""Turns the backlight off.
This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight
controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command.
"""
self.backlight = False
self.hal_backlight_off()
def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y):
"""Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor
position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column).
"""
self.cursor_x = cursor_x
self.cursor_y = cursor_y
addr = cursor_x & 0x3f
if cursor_y & 1:
addr += 0x40 # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40
if cursor_y & 2: # Lines 2 & 3 add number of columns
addr += self.num_columns
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr)
def putchar(self, char):
"""Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor
position, and advances the cursor by one position.
"""
if char == '\\n':
if self.implied_newline:
# self.implied_newline means we advanced due to a wraparound,
# so if we get a newline right after that we ignore it.
self.implied_newline = False
else:
self.cursor_x = self.num_columns
else:
self.hal_write_data(ord(char))
self.cursor_x += 1
if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns:
self.cursor_x = 0
self.cursor_y += 1
self.implied_newline = (char != '\\n')
if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines:
self.cursor_y = 0
self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)
def putstr(self, string):
"""Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor
position and advances the cursor position appropriately.
"""
for char in string:
self.putchar(char)
def custom_char(self, location, charmap):
"""Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available
as chr(0) through chr(7).
"""
location &= 0x7
self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3))
self.hal_sleep_us(40)
for i in range(8):
self.hal_write_data(charmap[i])
self.hal_sleep_us(40)
self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y)
def hal_backlight_on(self):
"""Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.
If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
"""
pass
def hal_backlight_off(self):
"""Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.
If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function.
"""
pass
def hal_write_command(self, cmd):
"""Write a command to the LCD.
It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this
function.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def hal_write_data(self, data):
"""Write data to the LCD.
It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this
function.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
# This is a default implementation of hal_sleep_us which is suitable
# for most micropython implementations. For platforms which don't
# support \`time.sleep_us()\` they should provide their own implementation
# of hal_sleep_us in their hal layer and it will be used instead.
def hal_sleep_us(self, usecs):
"""Sleep for some time (given in microseconds)."""
time.sleep_us(usecs) # NOTE this is not part of Standard Python library, specific hal layers will need to override this
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, I2C
from time import sleep
from i2c_lcd import I2cLcd
# LCD setup
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21), freq=400000)
lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, 0x27, 2, 16)
# LEDs
green = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)
red = Pin(4, Pin.OUT)
# Password
PASSWORD = "12ABC8"
entered = ""
# Keypad pins
rows = [13,12,14,27]
cols = [26,25,33,32]
row_pins = [Pin(r, Pin.OUT) for r in rows]
col_pins = [Pin(c, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_DOWN) for c in cols]
keys = [
['1','2','3','A'],
['4','5','6','B'],
['7','8','9','C'],
['*','0','#','D']
]
lcd.clear()
lcd.putstr("Enter Password")
def read_keypad():
for i, row in enumerate(row_pins):
row.value(1)
for j, col in enumerate(col_pins):
if col.value():
row.value(0)
sleep(0.3)
return keys[i][j]
row.value(0)
return None
while True:
key = read_keypad()
if key:
if key == '#':
lcd.clear()
if entered == PASSWORD:
lcd.putstr("Access Granted")
green.on()
sleep(2)
green.off()
else:
lcd.putstr("Access Denied")
red.on()
sleep(2)
red.off()
entered = ""
lcd.clear()
lcd.putstr("Enter Password")
elif key == '*':
entered = ""
lcd.clear()
lcd.putstr("Cleared")
sleep(1)
lcd.clear()
lcd.putstr("Enter Password")
else:
entered += key
lcd.move_to(len(entered)-1, 1)
lcd.putstr("*")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-lcd1602-i2c", "id": "lock-lcd1", "x": 400, "y": 40, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-membrane-keypad", "id": "lock-pad1", "x": 420, "y": 200, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "lock-rl5", "x": 700, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "lock-led5", "x": 700, "y": 150, "properties": {"color": "green"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "lock-rl4", "x": 780, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "lock-led4", "x": 780, "y": 150, "properties": {"color": "red"}}],
wires: [{"id": "lock-lcd-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "SCL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "lock-r1", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "13"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R1"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r2", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "12"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R2"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r3", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R3"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R4"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-c1", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "26"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C1"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c2", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "25"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C2"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c3", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "33"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C3"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "32"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C4"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-lp5", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-rl5", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lr5", "start": {"componentId": "lock-rl5", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-led5", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-lg5", "start": {"componentId": "lock-led5", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "lock-lp4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-rl4", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lr4", "start": {"componentId": "lock-rl4", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-led4", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-lg4", "start": {"componentId": "lock-led4", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "lcd", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-pico-2-w-dht11-http-csv-logger",
title: "Pico 2 W Dht11 Http Csv Logger",
description: "Pico 2 W Dht11 Http Csv Logger on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, request
import csv, os
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
CSV_FILE = "data.csv"
if not os.path.exists(CSV_FILE):
with open(CSV_FILE, 'w', newline='') as f:
csv.writer(f).writerow(
["time", "temperature", "humidity"]
)
@app.route('/data', methods=['POST'])
def data():
d = request.json
print("Received:", d)
with open(CSV_FILE, 'a', newline='') as f:
csv.writer(f).writerow([
datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
d["temperature"],
d["humidity"]
])
return "OK"
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network, time, urequests
import dht
from machine import Pin
ssid = "kritish"
password = "pas"
url = "http://ip:5000/data" # laptop IP
sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(15)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("WiFi connected")
while True:
try:
sensor.measure()
temp = sensor.temperature()
hum = sensor.humidity()
except OSError as e:
print("DHT read failed:", e) # keep the loop alive (sensor unplugged?)
time.sleep(2)
continue
data = {
"temperature": temp,
"humidity": hum
}
try:
r = urequests.post(url, json=data)
r.close()
print("Sent:", data)
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
time.sleep(5)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "plog-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "plog-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "plog-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "plog-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP15"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "http_server", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-pico-w-async-led-control-micropython",
title: "Pico W Async LED Control (MicroPython)",
description: "Pico W Async LED Control (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import uasyncio as asyncio
import network
from machine import Pin
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "pass"
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
led.off()
# ---------- Async WiFi Connect ----------
async def wifi_connect():
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting WiFi...")
while not wlan.isconnected():
await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
print("IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0])
# ---------- HTML ----------
HTML_PAGE = """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Pico Async LED</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Pico W Async LED Control</h2>
<p>Status: <span id="status">--</span></p>
<button onclick="ledOn()">ON</button>
<button onclick="ledOff()">OFF</button>
<script>
function ledOn(){
fetch("/on").then(r=>r.text()).then(t=>{
document.getElementById("status").innerText=t;
});
}
function ledOff(){
fetch("/off").then(r=>r.text()).then(t=>{
document.getElementById("status").innerText=t;
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
"""
# ---------- Client Handler ----------
async def handle_client(reader, writer):
request_line = await reader.readline()
request = request_line.decode()
# skip headers
while await reader.readline() != b"\\r\\n":
pass
print("REQ:", request)
if "GET /on" in request:
led.on()
body = "ON"
content_type = "text/plain"
elif "GET /off" in request:
led.off()
body = "OFF"
content_type = "text/plain"
else:
body = HTML_PAGE
content_type = "text/html"
response = (
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n"
f"Content-Type: {content_type}\\r\\n"
"Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n"
+ body
)
writer.write(response.encode())
await writer.drain()
await writer.wait_closed()
# ---------- Main ----------
async def main():
await wifi_connect()
server = await asyncio.start_server(handle_client, "0.0.0.0", 80)
print("Server running on port 80")
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(1)
asyncio.run(main())
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-pico-w-web-servo-controller",
title: "Pico W Web Servo Controller",
description: "Pico W Web Servo Controller on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA, Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import socket
from machine import Pin, PWM
import time
# Import credentials from the separate secrets file
ssid = "kritish"
password = "password"
# ====== WiFi Setup ======
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta.active(True)
# Attempt to connect to the network
try:
sta.connect(ssid, password)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Connection error: {e}")
timeout_counter = 0
while not sta.isconnected() and timeout_counter < 20: # Timeout after ~10 seconds
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".", end="")
timeout_counter += 1
if sta.isconnected():
print("\\nConnected!")
print("IP address:", sta.ifconfig()[0])
else:
print("\\nConnection failed! Check credentials and signal.")
raise OSError("WiFi connection failed.")
# ====== Servo Setup (Pico W Specific) ======
SERVO_PIN = 15 # Ensure the servo is connected to GP15.
servo = PWM(Pin(SERVO_PIN), freq=50)
SERVO_FREQ = 50
SERVO_MIN_US = 500 # 0 degrees (0.5ms pulse width)
SERVO_MAX_US = 2500 # 180 degrees (2.5ms pulse width)
TOTAL_PERIOD_US = 1000000 / SERVO_FREQ # 20000 us (20ms)
DUTY_SCALE = 65535 # Max value for Pico's duty_u16 method
def write_servo(angle):
"""Sets the servo angle (0-180 degrees) by calculating the PWM duty_u16."""
angle = max(0, min(180, angle))
pulse_us = SERVO_MIN_US + (SERVO_MAX_US - SERVO_MIN_US) * (angle / 180)
duty = int((pulse_us / TOTAL_PERIOD_US) * DUTY_SCALE)
servo.duty_u16(duty)
# ====== HTML Page (Vibrant Redesign) ======
def webpage(pos):
"""Generates the HTML page with a vibrant design and current servo position."""
html = f"""
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Pico W Servo</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
:root {{
--primary-color: #6a0dad; /* Deep Purple */
--secondary-color: #ff6f61; /* Coral Red */
--accent-color: #ffda03; /* Bright Yellow */
--bg-light: #f0f8ff; /* Alice Blue */
--text-dark: #2c3e50; /* Dark Grey Blue */
}}
body {{
margin: 0;
font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--bg-light) 0%, var(--primary-color) 100%);
color: var(--text-dark);
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
min-height: 100vh;
overflow: hidden;
}}
.container {{
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
border-radius: 15px;
padding: 40px;
box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
text-align: center;
max-width: 400px;
width: 90%;
backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
}}
h1 {{
color: var(--primary-color);
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 2em;
font-weight: 700;
}}
p {{
font-size: 1.1em;
margin-bottom: 25px;
color: var(--text-dark);
}}
strong#servoVal {{
font-size: 1.8em;
color: var(--secondary-color);
display: block;
margin-top: 10px;
font-weight: 600;
}}
.slider {{
-webkit-appearance: none;
width: 100%;
height: 15px;
background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--accent-color), var(--secondary-color));
border-radius: 8px;
outline: none;
opacity: 0.8;
transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out;
margin-top: 20px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
}}
.slider:hover {{
opacity: 1;
}}
/* Slider Thumb Styling */
.slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {{
-webkit-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
width: 25px;
height: 25px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: var(--primary-color);
cursor: grab;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
border: 2px solid var(--bg-light);
}}
.slider::-moz-range-thumb {{
width: 25px;
height: 25px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: var(--primary-color);
cursor: grab;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
border: 2px solid var(--bg-light);
}}
.info-text {{
font-size: 0.9em;
color: #7f8c8d; /* Grey */
margin-top: 20px;
}}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Servo Control</h1>
<p>Current Angle:</p>
<strong id="servoVal">{pos}&deg;</strong>
<input type="range" min="0" max="180" value="{pos}" class="slider"
id="servoSlider" oninput="update(this.value)"
onchange="send(this.value)">
<p class="info-text">Move and release the slider to update the servo position.</p>
</div>
<script>
function update(val) {{
document.getElementById("servoVal").innerHTML = val + '&deg;';
}}
function send(val) {{
fetch('/?value=' + val)
.then(response => {{
if (response.ok) {{
console.log("Command sent successfully:", val);
}} else {{
console.error("Failed to send command:", response.status);
}}
}})
.catch(error => {{
console.error("Network error:", error);
}});
}}
</script>
</body>
</html>
"""
return html
# ====== Web Server ======
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
s.bind(('', 80))
s.listen(5)
current_pos = 90
write_servo(current_pos)
print("Web server started on port 80...")
while True:
try:
conn, addr = s.accept()
print("Client connected from:", addr)
request = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
request_line = request.split('\\n')[0]
print("Request line:", request_line)
if "GET /?value=" in request_line:
try:
value_str = request_line.split("/?value=")[1].split(" ")[0]
new_pos = int(value_str)
if 0 <= new_pos <= 180:
current_pos = new_pos
write_servo(current_pos)
print(f"Servo angle updated to: {current_pos}°")
else:
print(f"Error: Angle {new_pos} is out of the 0-180° range.")
except (ValueError, IndexError):
print("Error: Invalid angle value or malformed URL in request.")
response = webpage(current_pos)
conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n')
conn.send('Content-Type: text/html\\r\\n')
conn.send('Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n')
conn.sendall(response.encode('utf-8'))
conn.close()
except OSError as e:
print(f"Socket error: {e}")
conn.close()
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred in main loop: {e}")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "ota", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "servo", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-potentiometer-visualizer",
title: "Potentiometer Visualizer",
description: "Potentiometer Visualizer on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC
from time import sleep
led_pins = [2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
leds = [Pin(pin, Pin.OUT) for pin in led_pins]
pot = ADC(Pin(34))
pot.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
while True:
val = pot.read()
level = min(10, round((val / 4095) * 10)) # Fixed
for i in range(10):
leds[i].value(1 if i < level else 0)
on_leds = [led_pins[i] for i in range(level)]
print(f"Analog Value: {val}, Level: {level}, LEDs ON: {on_leds}")
sleep(0.2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-pulse-monitor",
title: "Pulse Monitor",
description: "Pulse Monitor on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "displays",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin, I2C
import ssd1306
import time
# OLED setup
# Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses)
i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
# Sensor setup
sensor = ADC(Pin(34))
sensor.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# BPM variables
THRESHOLD = 2500
MIN_PEAK_INTERVAL = 300
last_peak_time = 0
peak_times = []
bpm = 0
# Graph buffer
graph = [0] * 80
def draw_heart(x, y):
oled.pixel(x+1, y, 1); oled.pixel(x+2, y, 1)
oled.pixel(x+4, y, 1); oled.pixel(x+5, y, 1)
oled.pixel(x, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+1, y+1, 1)
oled.pixel(x+2, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+3, y+1, 1)
oled.pixel(x+4, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+5, y+1, 1)
oled.pixel(x+6, y+1, 1)
oled.pixel(x+1, y+2, 1); oled.pixel(x+2, y+2, 1)
oled.pixel(x+3, y+2, 1); oled.pixel(x+4, y+2, 1)
oled.pixel(x+5, y+2, 1)
oled.pixel(x+2, y+3, 1); oled.pixel(x+3, y+3, 1)
oled.pixel(x+4, y+3, 1)
oled.pixel(x+3, y+4, 1)
while True:
value = sensor.read()
current_time = time.ticks_ms()
# Peak detection
if value > THRESHOLD:
if time.ticks_diff(current_time, last_peak_time) > MIN_PEAK_INTERVAL:
last_peak_time = current_time
peak_times.append(current_time)
if len(peak_times) > 10:
peak_times.pop(0)
if len(peak_times) >= 2:
intervals = [time.ticks_diff(peak_times[i+1], peak_times[i])
for i in range(len(peak_times)-1)]
avg_interval = sum(intervals) / len(intervals)
bpm = int(60000 / avg_interval)
# Update graph buffer
graph_val = int((value / 4095) * 30)
graph.pop(0)
graph.append(graph_val)
# Draw OLED
oled.fill(0)
# Draw waveform (top half)
for i in range(len(graph) - 1):
y1 = 32 - graph[i]
y2 = 32 - graph[i+1]
oled.line(i + 48, y1, i + 49, y2, 1)
# Divider line
oled.hline(0, 38, 128, 1)
# Heart symbol + BPM (bottom half)
draw_heart(4, 44)
oled.text(": " + str(bpm) + " BPM", 14, 45)
oled.show()
time.sleep_ms(10)
` },
{ name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
from micropython import const
import framebuf
# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)
# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()
def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout
SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()
def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
def contrast(self, contrast):
self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)
def invert(self, invert):
self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)
class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)
class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time
self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)
def write_cmd(self, cmd):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)
def write_data(self, buf):
self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "pulse-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-heart-beat-sensor", "id": "pulse-hb1", "x": 440, "y": 260, "properties": {}}],
wires: [{"id": "pulse-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-out", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "34"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "OUT"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython"],
},
{
id: "100d-rgb-color-mixer-using-potentiometers-esp32-plus-micropython",
title: "RGB Color Mixer using Potentiometers (ESP32 + MicroPython)",
description: "RGB Color Mixer using Potentiometers (ESP32 + MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `# ESP32 MicroPython - RGB controlled by 3 potentiometers (common-cathode example)
from machine import ADC, Pin, PWM
import time
# PWM pins for RGB
p_r = PWM(Pin(25), freq=1000) # R
p_g = PWM(Pin(26), freq=1000) # G
p_b = PWM(Pin(27), freq=1000) # B
# ADC pins for pots
a_r = ADC(Pin(36)) # Pot for R
a_r.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
a_g = ADC(Pin(39))
a_g.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
a_b = ADC(Pin(34))
a_b.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# Helper: map ADC (0-4095) to PWM duty (0-1023)
def map_adc_to_duty(x):
return int((x / 4095) * 1023)
# If you have common-anode LED, set invert = True
invert = False
while True:
# Read potentiometer values
raw_r = a_r.read()
raw_g = a_g.read()
raw_b = a_b.read()
# Map to PWM duty
r = map_adc_to_duty(raw_r)
g = map_adc_to_duty(raw_g)
b = map_adc_to_duty(raw_b)
if invert:
r = 1023 - r
g = 1023 - g
b = 1023 - b
# Apply PWM
p_r.duty(r)
p_g.duty(g)
p_b.duty(b)
# Print live values
print("ADC R: {:4d} G: {:4d} B: {:4d} | PWM R: {:4d} G: {:4d} B: {:4d}".format(
raw_r, raw_g, raw_b, r, g, b
))
time.sleep_ms(200)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"],
},
{
id: "100d-raspberry-pi-pico-2-w-thingsboard-iot",
title: "Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W ThingsBoard IoT",
description: "Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W ThingsBoard IoT on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, MQTT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import time
import json
import dht
from machine import Pin
from umqttsimple import MQTTClient
# --- Configuration ---
WIFI_SSID = "kritish" #
WIFI_PASSWORD = "@pass"
THINGSBOARD_HOST = "eu.thingsboard.cloud"
ACCESS_TOKEN = "tokenn"
# --- Hardware Setup ---
# Using "LED" for Pico W onboard LED, or Pin(15) for an external LED
led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(4)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
led_state = False
# --- MQTT Callback (Handles Switch Commands) ---
def on_message(topic, msg):
global led_state
print(f"\\n[RPC] Message received: {msg}")
try:
data = json.loads(msg)
method = data.get("method")
params = data.get("params")
# Handling 'setState' from your ThingsBoard Switch
if method == "setState":
# This check ensures both boolean and string 'true' work
if params is True or params == "true" or params == 1:
led_state = True
led.value(1)
else:
led_state = False
led.value(0)
print(f"Action: LED is now {'ON' if led_state else 'OFF'}")
# Handling 'getState' to sync the dashboard switch
elif method == "getState":
request_id = topic.decode().split('/')[-1]
client.publish(f"v1/devices/me/rpc/response/{request_id}", json.dumps(led_state))
print("Action: Synced state with Dashboard")
except Exception as e:
print(f"RPC Error: {e}")
# --- Connection Functions ---
def connect_wifi():
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD)
print("Connecting to WiFi", end="")
while not sta_if.isconnected():
print(".", end="")
time.sleep(0.5)
print(f"\\nConnected! IP: {sta_if.ifconfig()[0]}")
def connect_mqtt():
client = MQTTClient("Pico_W_Cuttack", THINGSBOARD_HOST, user=ACCESS_TOKEN, password="")
client.set_callback(on_message)
client.connect()
client.subscribe(b"v1/devices/me/rpc/request/+")
print("Connected to ThingsBoard MQTT!")
return client
# --- Main Logic ---
connect_wifi()
client = connect_mqtt()
last_telemetry = 0
print("System Ready. Waiting for commands...")
while True:
try:
# Check for incoming RPC (Switch) messages
client.check_msg()
# Send Telemetry every 10 seconds (standard for cloud stability)
if (time.time() - last_telemetry) > 10:
sensor.measure()
t = sensor.temperature()
h = sensor.humidity()
payload = json.dumps({
"temperature": t,
"humidity": h,
"ledStatus": led_state
})
client.publish("v1/devices/me/telemetry", payload)
print(f"Published: {payload}")
last_telemetry = time.time()
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error in Loop: {e}")
time.sleep(5)
import machine
machine.reset()
` },
{ name: "umqttsimple.py", content: `try:
import usocket as socket
except:
import socket
import ustruct as struct
from ubinascii import hexlify
class MQTTException(Exception):
pass
class MQTTClient:
def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,
ssl=False, ssl_params={}):
if port == 0:
port = 8883 if ssl else 1883
self.client_id = client_id
self.sock = None
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.ssl = ssl
self.ssl_params = ssl_params
self.pid = 0
self.cb = None
self.user = user
self.pswd = password
self.keepalive = keepalive
self.lw_topic = None
self.lw_msg = None
self.lw_qos = 0
self.lw_retain = False
def _send_str(self, s):
self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s)))
self.sock.write(s)
def _recv_len(self):
n = 0
sh = 0
while 1:
b = self.sock.read(1)[0]
n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh
if not b & 0x80:
return n
sh += 7
def set_callback(self, f):
self.cb = f
def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
assert 0 <= qos <= 2
assert topic
self.lw_topic = topic
self.lw_msg = msg
self.lw_qos = qos
self.lw_retain = retain
def connect(self, clean_session=True):
self.sock = socket.socket()
addr = socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]
self.sock.connect(addr)
if self.ssl:
import ussl
self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params)
premsg = bytearray(b"\\x10\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0")
msg = bytearray(b"\\x04MQTT\\x04\\x02\\0\\0")
sz = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id)
msg[6] = clean_session << 1
if self.user is not None:
sz += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd)
msg[6] |= 0xC0
if self.keepalive:
assert self.keepalive < 65536
msg[7] |= self.keepalive >> 8
msg[8] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF
if self.lw_topic:
sz += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg)
msg[6] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3
msg[6] |= self.lw_retain << 5
i = 1
while sz > 0x7f:
premsg[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
sz >>= 7
i += 1
premsg[i] = sz
self.sock.write(premsg, i + 2)
self.sock.write(msg)
#print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":"))
self._send_str(self.client_id)
if self.lw_topic:
self._send_str(self.lw_topic)
self._send_str(self.lw_msg)
if self.user is not None:
self._send_str(self.user)
self._send_str(self.pswd)
resp = self.sock.read(4)
assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02
if resp[3] != 0:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return resp[2] & 1
def disconnect(self):
self.sock.write(b"\\xe0\\0")
self.sock.close()
def ping(self):
self.sock.write(b"\\xc0\\0")
def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
pkt = bytearray(b"\\x30\\0\\0\\0")
pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain
sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg)
if qos > 0:
sz += 2
assert sz < 2097152
i = 1
while sz > 0x7f:
pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
sz >>= 7
i += 1
pkt[i] = sz
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1)
self._send_str(topic)
if qos > 0:
self.pid += 1
pid = self.pid
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt, 2)
self.sock.write(msg)
if qos == 1:
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x40:
sz = self.sock.read(1)
assert sz == b"\\x02"
rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2)
rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1]
if pid == rcv_pid:
return
elif qos == 2:
assert 0
def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0):
assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set"
pkt = bytearray(b"\\x82\\0\\0\\0")
self.pid += 1
struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid)
#print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
self.sock.write(pkt)
self._send_str(topic)
self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little"))
while 1:
op = self.wait_msg()
if op == 0x90:
resp = self.sock.read(4)
#print(resp)
assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3]
if resp[3] == 0x80:
raise MQTTException(resp[3])
return
# Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it.
# Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously
# set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT
# messages processed internally.
def wait_msg(self):
res = self.sock.read(1)
self.sock.setblocking(True)
if res is None:
return None
if res == b"":
raise OSError(-1)
if res == b"\\xd0": # PINGRESP
sz = self.sock.read(1)[0]
assert sz == 0
return None
op = res[0]
if op & 0xf0 != 0x30:
return op
sz = self._recv_len()
topic_len = self.sock.read(2)
topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1]
topic = self.sock.read(topic_len)
sz -= topic_len + 2
if op & 6:
pid = self.sock.read(2)
pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1]
sz -= 2
msg = self.sock.read(sz)
self.cb(topic, msg)
if op & 6 == 2:
pkt = bytearray(b"\\x40\\x02\\0\\0")
struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid)
self.sock.write(pkt)
elif op & 6 == 4:
assert 0
# Checks whether a pending message from server is available.
# If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does
# the same processing as wait_msg.
def check_msg(self):
self.sock.setblocking(False)
return self.wait_msg()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "tb-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "tb-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "tb-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "tb-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP4"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "micropython", "mqtt", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-servo-motor-control-with-raspberry-pi-pico-2-w-micropython",
title: "Servo Motor Control with Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W (MicroPython)",
description: "Servo Motor Control with Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, PWM
import time
servo = PWM(Pin(15))
servo.freq(50)
print("=== Servo Angle Control (Safe Mode) ===")
def set_angle(angle):
# Clamp angles to safe mechanical range
if angle < 20:
angle = 20
elif angle > 170:
angle = 170
min_duty = 1200 # calibrated
max_duty = 8800
duty = int(min_duty + (angle / 180) * (max_duty - min_duty))
servo.duty_u16(duty)
print("Requested Angle:", angle)
print("Applied Duty:", duty)
while True:
try:
angle = int(input("\\nEnter angle (0-180): "))
set_angle(angle)
except ValueError:
print("❌ Enter a valid number")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "servo"],
},
{
id: "100d-single-digit-seven-segment-display-with-raspberry-pi-pico-micropython",
title: "Single Digit Seven Segment Display with Raspberry Pi-Pico (MicroPython)",
description: "Single Digit Seven Segment Display with Raspberry Pi-Pico (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "basics",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "raspberry-pi-pico",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin # Import Pin class to control GPIO pins
# ----------------------------
# Define 7-segment display pins
# Each pin corresponds to one segment: a, b, c, d, e, f, g
# Adjust wiring as per your circuit
# ----------------------------
led_a = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
led_b = Pin(3, Pin.OUT)
led_c = Pin(6, Pin.OUT)
led_d = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)
led_e = Pin(4, Pin.OUT)
led_f = Pin(1, Pin.OUT)
led_g = Pin(0, Pin.OUT)
# ----------------------------
# Functions for digits 0-9
# Each function turns ON/OFF segments to display the correct number
# ----------------------------
def value_one():
led_a.value(0)
led_b.value(0)
led_c.value(0)
led_d.value(0)
led_e.value(1)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(0)
def value_two():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(0)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(1)
led_f.value(0)
led_g.value(1)
def value_three():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(0)
led_f.value(0)
led_g.value(1)
def value_four():
led_a.value(0)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(0)
led_e.value(0)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(1)
def value_five():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(0)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(0)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(1)
def value_six():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(0)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(1)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(1)
def value_seven():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(0)
led_e.value(0)
led_f.value(0)
led_g.value(0)
def value_eight():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(1)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(1)
def value_nine():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(0)
led_e.value(0)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(1)
def value_zero():
led_a.value(1)
led_b.value(1)
led_c.value(1)
led_d.value(1)
led_e.value(1)
led_f.value(1)
led_g.value(0)
# ----------------------------
# Main Loop
# User enters a digit (0-9) via input
# That digit is displayed on the 7-segment
# ----------------------------
while True:
k = int(input("Enter a number (0-9): "))
if k == 0:
value_zero()
elif k == 1:
value_one()
elif k == 2:
value_two()
elif k == 3:
value_three()
elif k == 4:
value_four()
elif k == 5:
value_five()
elif k == 6:
value_six()
elif k == 7:
value_seven()
elif k == 8:
value_eight()
elif k == 9:
value_nine()
else:
print("Please Enter a value between 0-9 and one digit")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "raspberry-pi-pico", "rp2040"],
},
{
id: "100d-smart-home-automation-system",
title: "Smart Home Automation System",
description: "Smart Home Automation System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, DHT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission.
__version__ = "1.0.0"
import struct
import time
import sys
import os
try:
import machine
gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms()
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0
except ImportError:
const = lambda x: x
gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000)
SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05
def dummy(*args):
pass
MSG_RSP = const(0)
MSG_LOGIN = const(2)
MSG_PING = const(6)
MSG_TWEET = const(12)
MSG_NOTIFY = const(14)
MSG_BRIDGE = const(15)
MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16)
MSG_INTERNAL = const(17)
MSG_PROPERTY = const(19)
MSG_HW = const(20)
MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29)
MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64)
MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented
MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented
STA_SUCCESS = const(200)
STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9)
DISCONNECTED = const(0)
CONNECTING = const(1)
CONNECTED = const(2)
print("""
___ __ __
/ _ )/ /_ _____ / /__
/ _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/
/____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\
/___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n")
class EventEmitter:
def __init__(self):
self._cbks = {}
def on(self, evt, f=None):
if f:
self._cbks[evt] = f
else:
def D(f):
self._cbks[evt] = f
return f
return D
def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv):
if evt in self._cbks:
self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv)
class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter):
def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None):
EventEmitter.__init__(self)
self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000
self.buffin = buffin
self.log = log or dummy
self.auth = auth
self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id
self.fw_ver = fw_ver
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.connect()
def virtual_write(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val)
def send_internal(self, pin, *val):
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val)
def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val):
self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val)
def sync_virtual(self, *pins):
self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins)
def log_event(self, *val):
self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val)
def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs):
if 'id' in kwargs:
id = kwargs.get('id')
else:
id = self.msg_id
self.msg_id += 1
if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF:
self.msg_id = 1
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
data = b''
dlen = args[0]
else:
data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8')
dlen = len(data)
self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args)
msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data
self.lastSend = gettime()
self._write(msg)
def connect(self):
if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return
self.msg_id = 1
(self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0)
self.bin = b""
self.state = CONNECTING
self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth)
def disconnect(self):
if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return
self.bin = b""
self.state = DISCONNECTED
self.emit('disconnected')
def process(self, data=None):
if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return
now = gettime()
if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2):
return self.disconnect()
if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and
(now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or
now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)):
self._send(MSG_PING)
self.lastPing = now
if data != None and len(data):
self.bin += data
while True:
if len(self.bin) < 5:
break
cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5])
if i == 0: return self.disconnect()
self.lastRecv = now
if cmd == MSG_RSP:
self.bin = self.bin[5:]
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen)
if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1:
if dlen == STA_SUCCESS:
self.state = CONNECTED
dt = now - self.lastSend
info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py']
if self.tmpl_id:
info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id])
info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id])
if self.fw_ver:
info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver])
self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info)
try:
self.emit('connected', ping=dt)
except TypeError:
self.emit('connected')
else:
if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN:
self.emit("invalid_auth")
print("Invalid auth token")
return self.disconnect()
else:
if dlen >= self.buffin:
print("Cmd too big: ", dlen)
return self.disconnect()
if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen:
break
data = self.bin[5:5+dlen]
self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:]
args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0')))
self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args))
if cmd == MSG_PING:
self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i)
elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE:
if args[0] == 'vw':
self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:])
self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:])
elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL:
self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:])
elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT:
self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1]))
else:
print("Unexpected command: ", cmd)
return self.disconnect()
import socket
class Blynk(BlynkProtocol):
def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs):
self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False)
self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud')
self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443)
BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs)
self.on('redirect', self.redirect)
def redirect(self, server, port):
self.server = server
self.port = port
self.disconnect()
self.connect()
def connect(self):
print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port))
s = socket.socket()
# Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud
# raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever.
s.settimeout(10)
s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1])
try:
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except:
pass
if self.insecure:
self.conn = s
else:
try:
import ussl
ssl_context = ussl
except ImportError:
import ssl
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server)
try:
self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
except:
s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT)
BlynkProtocol.connect(self)
def _write(self, data):
#print('<', data)
self.conn.write(data)
# TODO: handle disconnect
def run(self):
data = b''
try:
data = self.conn.read(self.buffin)
#print('>', data)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except socket.timeout:
# No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed
pass
except: # TODO: handle disconnect
return
self.process(data)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra'''
import network # Library for network functionalities (Wi-Fi)
from machine import Pin # Library for controlling GPIO pins
import BlynkLib # Library for Blynk IoT platform communication
from time import sleep # Library for time delays
import dht # Library for DHT11 sensor communication
# Wi-Fi Credentials (replace with your own)
wifissid = "abcdef" # Your Wi-Fi SSID
wifipass = "@9090" # Your Wi-Fi password
# Blynk Authorization Token (replace with your Blynk app's token)
auth = "pottiIr9atOFmbvwsqTp7lTrYtje"
# LED Pin Configuration
# Connect to Wi-Fi
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #Create a Wi-Fi station interface object
sta_if.active(True) # Activate the Wi-Fi interface
sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass) # Connect to the Wi-Fi network
while not sta_if.isconnected(): # Wait until connected to Wi-Fi
sleep(0.1)
print("Connected to Wi-Fi:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # Print the Wi-Fi connection details
# Initialize Blynk Connection
# ── Velxio adaptation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch),
# so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo;
# fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case.
class _OfflineBlynk:
def on(self, *_a, **_k):
def _deco(f):
return f
return _deco
def run(self):
pass
def virtual_write(self, *_a):
pass
try:
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True)
except OSError as e:
print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e)
blynk = _OfflineBlynk()
# Create LED Object
led1=Pin(16, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 1 on pin 16 (D0), set as output
led2=Pin(5, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 2 on pin 5 (D1), set as output
led3=Pin(4, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 3 on pin 4 (D2), set as output
led4=Pin(0, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 4 on pin 0 (D3), set as output
sensor=dht.DHT22(Pin(14)) # DHT on pin 14 — Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
led1.value(1) # Turn off LED 1 initially (active low)
led2.value(1) # Turn off LED 2 initially (active low)
led3.value(1) # Turn off LED 3 initially (active low)
led4.value(1) # Turn off LED 4 initially (active low)
# Virtual Pin V1 Handler (LED 1 control)
@blynk.on("V1")
def v0_handler(value):
# Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors)
try:
led1.value(not int(value[0])) # Toggle LED 1 based on Blynk button state
except ValueError:
print("Invalid value received:", value)
return
@blynk.on("V2")
def v2_handler(value):
# Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors)
try:
led2.value(not int(value[0]))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid value received:", value)
return
@blynk.on("V3")
def v3_handler(value):
# Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors)
try:
led3.value(not int(value[0]))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid value received:", value)
return
@blynk.on("V4")
def v4_handler(value):
# Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors)
try:
led4.value(not int(value[0]))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid value received:", value)
return
@blynk.on("V5")
# Create Blynk gauge widget
def write_value(pin, value):
# This function is not used for input, but required by blynk on decorator
pass
# Main Loop (run Blynk processes)
while True:
blynk.run() # Run Blynk processes (handle incoming and outgoing data)
try:
sensor.measure() # Measure temperature and humidity
temperature = sensor.temperature() # Get the temperature value
print("Temp:", temperature, "C")
blynk.virtual_write(5, temperature) # Send temperature to Blynk virtual pin V5
except OSError as e:
print("DHT read failed:", e) # keep the loop alive (sensor unplugged?)
sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "home-dht1", "x": 460, "y": 320, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r16", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led16", "x": 420, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "red"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r5", "x": 510, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led5", "x": 510, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "green"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r4", "x": 600, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led4", "x": 600, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "blue"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r0", "x": 690, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led0", "x": 690, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "yellow"}}],
wires: [{"id": "home-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "home-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "home-vcc16", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r16", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra16", "start": {"componentId": "home-r16", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led16", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin16", "start": {"componentId": "home-led16", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "16"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc5", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r5", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra5", "start": {"componentId": "home-r5", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led5", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin5", "start": {"componentId": "home-led5", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r4", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra4", "start": {"componentId": "home-r4", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led4", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin4", "start": {"componentId": "home-led4", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc0", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r0", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra0", "start": {"componentId": "home-r0", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led0", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin0", "start": {"componentId": "home-led0", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "0"}, "color": "#22aaff"}],
tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "dht", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-smart-indoor-security-system",
title: "Smart Indoor Security System",
description: "Smart Indoor Security System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import machine, utime, network, urequests, ujson
# ─── Favoriot Credentials ───────────────────────
API_KEY = '..'
USERNAME = ''
DEVICE_ID = 'SmartSecurityr'+USERNAME
URL = 'https://apiv2.favoriot.com/v2/streams'
#import machine, utime, network, urequests, ujson
# ─── WiFi Credentials ───────────────────────────
SSID = 'Wokwi-GUEST'
PASSWORD = ''
# ─── Pin Setup ──────────────────────────────────
pir = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.IN)
ROW_PINS = [19, 18, 5, 17]
COL_PINS = [16, 4, 2, 15]
KEYS = [
['1','2','3','A'],
['4','5','6','B'],
['7','8','9','C'],
['*','0','#','D']
]
rows = [machine.Pin(p, machine.Pin.OUT) for p in ROW_PINS]
cols = [machine.Pin(p, machine.Pin.IN, machine.Pin.PULL_DOWN) for p in COL_PINS]
# ─── Settings ───────────────────────────────────
CORRECT_PASSWORD = '1234'
TIMEOUT_MS = 30000
# ─── WiFi Connect ───────────────────────────────
def connect_wifi():
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print('Connecting to WiFi', end='')
for _ in range(20):
if wlan.isconnected():
break
print('.', end='')
utime.sleep(0.5)
if wlan.isconnected():
print(' Connected! IP:', wlan.ifconfig()[0])
else:
print(' WiFi Failed - running without Favoriot')
# ─── Keypad ─────────────────────────────────────
def get_key():
for r, row in enumerate(rows):
row.value(1)
for c, col in enumerate(cols):
if col.value() == 1:
row.value(0)
# Wait for button release
while col.value() == 1:
utime.sleep_ms(10)
utime.sleep_ms(50)
return KEYS[r][c]
row.value(0)
return None
# ─── Favoriot ───────────────────────────────────
def send_to_favoriot(event, status, access):
print('>>> FAVORIOT | event:', event, '| status:', status, '| access:', access)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('No WiFi - skipping Favoriot')
return
try:
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'apikey': API_KEY,
'username': USERNAME
}
body = ujson.dumps({
'device_developer_id': DEVICE_ID,
'data': {
'event': event,
'status': status,
'access': str(access)
}
})
r = urequests.post(URL, headers=headers, data=body)
print('Favoriot Response:', r.status_code)
r.close()
except Exception as e:
print('Favoriot Error:', e)
# ─── Main ───────────────────────────────────────
connect_wifi()
print('System Ready - Waiting for motion...')
while True:
if pir.value() == 1:
print('Motion Detected!')
send_to_favoriot('MOTION_DETECTED', 'WAITING', 0)
entered = ''
start = utime.ticks_ms()
while utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_ms(), start) < TIMEOUT_MS:
key = get_key()
if key:
if key == '#':
if entered == CORRECT_PASSWORD:
print('Access Granted!')
send_to_favoriot('ACCESS_GRANTED', 'SAFE', 1)
else:
print('Wrong Password!')
send_to_favoriot('WRONG_PASSWORD', 'ALARM', 0)
break
elif key == '*':
entered = ''
print('Cleared')
else:
entered += key
print('*', end='')
else:
print('Timeout - Alarm!')
send_to_favoriot('TIMEOUT_ALARM', 'ALARM', 0)
utime.sleep_ms(100)` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-smart-iot-gas-monitoring-system",
title: "Smart IoT Gas Monitoring System",
description: "Smart IoT Gas Monitoring System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "analyze.py", content: `import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Read CSV
df = pd.read_csv(
"data.csv",
header=None,
names=["time", "gas", "temp", "humidity", "soil"]
)
df["time"] = pd.to_datetime(df["time"])
sensors = [
("gas", "Gas Sensor"),
("temp", "Temperature"),
("soil", "Soil Moisture")
]
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(12, 8), sharex=True)
for ax, (col, title) in zip(axes, sensors):
mean = df[col].mean()
std = df[col].std()
threshold = mean + 2 * std
alert = df[col] > threshold
print(f"\\n{title}")
print("Mean:", mean)
print("Std :", std)
print("Alerts:", alert.sum())
ax.plot(df["time"], df[col], label=col)
ax.scatter(
df[alert]["time"],
df[alert][col],
label="ALERT"
)
ax.axhline(threshold, linestyle="--", label="Threshold")
ax.set_ylabel(col)
ax.set_title(title)
ax.legend()
axes[-1].set_xlabel("Time")
plt.suptitle("IoT Sensor Analytics Dashboard", fontsize=14)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
` },
{ name: "app.py", content: `# from flask import Flask, request
# import csv
# from datetime import datetime
# app = Flask(__name__)
# @app.route("/")
# def home():
# return "Flask server running OK"
# @app.route("/data", methods=["POST"])
# def receive():
# data = request.json
# with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as f:
# writer = csv.writer(f)
# writer.writerow([
# datetime.now(),
# data["gas"],
# data["temp"],
# data["humidity"],
# data["soil"]
# ])
# return {"status": "ok"}
# app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)
# -------------------- IMPORTS --------------------
# Flask framework for building web server
# request -> to receive JSON data from ESP32
# render_template -> to serve HTML dashboard
# jsonify -> to send JSON response to frontend
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, jsonify
# CSV module to store sensor data logs
import csv
# datetime module to store timestamp
from datetime import datetime
# -------------------- FLASK APP INITIALIZATION --------------------
app = Flask(__name__)
# -------------------- LIVE DATA STORAGE --------------------
# This dictionary stores the latest sensor readings
# It is used by the dashboard and live graphs
latest_data = {
"gas": 0,
"temp": 0,
"humidity": 0,
"soil": 0,
"status": "SAFE"
}
# -------------------- AI MEMORY (HISTORY BUFFER) --------------------
# List to store recent gas sensor values
gas_history = []
# Number of past readings used for moving average
WINDOW_SIZE = 10
# Sensitivity margin for anomaly detection
# If gas > average + margin → DANGER
GAS_MARGIN = 300
# -------------------- DASHBOARD ROUTE --------------------
# Loads the main dashboard page
@app.route("/")
def dashboard():
return render_template("index.html", data=latest_data)
# -------------------- ESP32 DATA RECEIVER --------------------
# ESP32 sends sensor data to this route using POST request
@app.route("/data", methods=["POST"])
def receive():
global latest_data, gas_history
# Read JSON data sent by ESP32
data = request.json
# Extract sensor values (default = 0 if missing)
gas = data.get("gas", 0)
temp = data.get("temp", 0)
humidity = data.get("humidity", 0)
soil = data.get("soil", 0)
# ---------------- AI LOGIC (Moving Average Based Detection) ----------------
# Store current gas value in history
gas_history.append(gas)
# Keep only the last WINDOW_SIZE readings
if len(gas_history) > WINDOW_SIZE:
gas_history.pop(0)
# Calculate average gas level
avg_gas = sum(gas_history) / len(gas_history)
# Detect abnormal gas rise
# Sudden spike beyond threshold is marked as DANGER
status = "DANGER" if gas > avg_gas + GAS_MARGIN else "SAFE"
# Update latest data dictionary
latest_data = {
"gas": gas,
"temp": temp,
"humidity": humidity,
"soil": soil,
"status": status
}
# ---------------- CSV DATA LOGGING ----------------
# Store all readings in CSV file for analysis
with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
writer.writerow([
datetime.now(), # Timestamp
gas,
temp,
humidity,
soil,
status
])
# Send acknowledgment to ESP32
return {"status": "ok"}
# -------------------- LIVE DATA API --------------------
# Frontend uses this route to fetch live data for graphs
@app.route("/latest")
def latest():
return jsonify(latest_data)
# -------------------- RUN FLASK SERVER --------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)
` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network, urequests, time, dht
from machine import ADC, Pin
ssid = "kritish"
password = "@Krrs2069"
# MQ-2
mq2 = ADC(Pin(34))
mq2.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# Soil
soil = ADC(Pin(35))
soil.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)
# DHT
d = dht.DHT22(Pin(4)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw)
# WiFi
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
t = 0
while not wlan.isconnected() and t < 10:
time.sleep(1)
t += 1
if not wlan.isconnected():
print("WiFi Failed")
raise SystemExit
print("ESP IP:", wlan.ifconfig())
url = "http://10.201.102.81:5000/data"
while True:
try:
d.measure()
temp = d.temperature()
hum = d.humidity()
except:
temp, hum = None, None
gas = mq2.read()
soil_val = soil.read()
payload = {
"gas": gas,
"temp": temp,
"humidity": hum,
"soil": soil_val
}
try:
r = urequests.post(url, json=payload)
print(payload, "->", r.text)
r.close()
del r
except Exception as e:
print("Failed", e)
time.sleep(3)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "gas-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}],
wires: [{"id": "gas-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "gas-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "gas-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}],
tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "http_server", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-stepper-motor-control-using-esp32-and-a4988-micropython",
title: "Stepper Motor Control using ESP32 & A4988 (MicroPython)",
description: "Stepper Motor Control using ESP32 & A4988 (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Stepper. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import time
import machine
# A4988 pins
dir_pin = machine.Pin(12, machine.Pin.OUT)
step_pin = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.OUT)
def move_stepper(direction, steps, delay_us):
print("Direction:", "CW" if direction else "CCW")
dir_pin.value(direction)
steps = abs(steps)
for i in range(steps):
step_pin.value(1)
time.sleep_us(delay_us)
step_pin.value(0)
time.sleep_us(delay_us)
print("Moved", steps, "steps")
def stop_stepper():
step_pin.value(0)
print("Stepper stopped")
print("Stepper motor program started")
while True:
move_stepper(1, 200, 2000) # Clockwise
time.sleep(2)
move_stepper(0, 200, 2000) # Anti-clockwise
time.sleep(2)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "stepper"],
},
{
id: "100d-temperature-based-led-indicator-micropython-esp32",
title: "Temperature Based LED Indicator (MicroPython ESP32)",
description: "Temperature Based LED Indicator (MicroPython ESP32) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import socket
from machine import Pin, PWM
from time import sleep_ms
# -------- WiFi --------
ssid = "kritish"
password = "pass"
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
while not wlan.isconnected():
pass
print("Open:", wlan.ifconfig()[0])
# -------- Motor --------
ENA = PWM(Pin(13), freq=1000)
IN1 = Pin(12, Pin.OUT)
IN2 = Pin(14, Pin.OUT)
IN1.on()
IN2.off()
ENA.duty(0)
def set_motor(speed):
speed = int(speed)
if speed <= 0:
ENA.duty(0)
return
# kick start for 6V + L298N
ENA.duty(1023)
sleep_ms(150)
ENA.duty(speed)
# -------- HTML --------
html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>ESP32 DC Motor Control</h2>
<input type="range" min="0" max="1023" value="0"
oninput="send(this.value)">
<p>Speed: <span id="v">0</span></p>
<script>
function send(val){
document.getElementById("v").innerHTML = val;
fetch("/set?speed=" + val);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
"""
# -------- Server --------
addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(addr)
s.listen(1)
print("Server running")
while True:
cl, addr = s.accept()
req = cl.recv(1024).decode()
if "/set?speed=" in req:
try:
part = req.split("/set?speed=")[1]
spd = part.split(" ")[0]
set_motor(spd)
print("Speed set:", spd)
except:
pass
cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\nOK")
cl.close()
continue
cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n")
cl.send(html)
cl.close()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-ultrasonic-led-distance-indicator-esp32-micropython",
title: "Ultrasonic LED Distance Indicator ESP32 MicroPython",
description: "Ultrasonic LED Distance Indicator ESP32 MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses HC-SR04. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "sensors",
difficulty: "beginner",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "hcsr04.py", content: `import machine, time
from machine import Pin
__version__ = '0.2.0'
__author__ = 'Roberto Sánchez'
__license__ = "Apache License 2.0. https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
class HCSR04:
"""
Driver to use the untrasonic sensor HC-SR04.
The sensor range is between 2cm and 4m.
The timeouts received listening to echo pin are converted to OSError('Out of range')
"""
# echo_timeout_us is based in chip range limit (400cm)
def __init__(self, trigger_pin, echo_pin, echo_timeout_us=500*2*30):
"""
trigger_pin: Output pin to send pulses
echo_pin: Readonly pin to measure the distance. The pin should be protected with 1k resistor
echo_timeout_us: Timeout in microseconds to listen to echo pin.
By default is based in sensor limit range (4m)
"""
self.echo_timeout_us = echo_timeout_us
# Init trigger pin (out)
self.trigger = Pin(trigger_pin, mode=Pin.OUT, pull=None)
self.trigger.value(0)
# Init echo pin (in)
self.echo = Pin(echo_pin, mode=Pin.IN, pull=None)
def _send_pulse_and_wait(self):
"""
Send the pulse to trigger and listen on echo pin.
We use the method \`machine.time_pulse_us()\` to get the microseconds until the echo is received.
"""
self.trigger.value(0) # Stabilize the sensor
time.sleep_us(5)
self.trigger.value(1)
# Send a 10us pulse.
time.sleep_us(10)
self.trigger.value(0)
try:
pulse_time = machine.time_pulse_us(self.echo, 1, self.echo_timeout_us)
return pulse_time
except OSError as ex:
if ex.args[0] == 110: # 110 = ETIMEDOUT
raise OSError('Out of range')
raise ex
def distance_mm(self):
"""
Get the distance in milimeters without floating point operations.
"""
pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait()
# To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2
# (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue
# the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to
# 0.34320 mm/us that is 1mm each 2.91us
# pulse_time // 2 // 2.91 -> pulse_time // 5.82 -> pulse_time * 100 // 582
mm = pulse_time * 100 // 582
return mm
def distance_cm(self):
"""
Get the distance in centimeters with floating point operations.
It returns a float
"""
pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait()
# To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2
# (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue
# the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to
# 0.034320 cm/us that is 1cm each 29.1us
cms = (pulse_time / 2) / 29.1
return cms` },
{ name: "main.py", content: `from hcsr04 import HCSR04
from machine import Pin
from time import sleep
# LED setup
green_led = Pin(12, Pin.OUT)
red_led = Pin(13, Pin.OUT)
THRESHOLD = 20 # cm
# ESP32
sensor = HCSR04(trigger_pin=5, echo_pin=18, echo_timeout_us=10000)
while True:
distance = sensor.distance_cm()
print('Distance:', distance, 'cm')
if distance > THRESHOLD:
green_led.on()
red_led.off()
else:
green_led.off()
red_led.on()
sleep(1)
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "ultrasonic"],
},
{
id: "100d-websocket-led-control-using-raspberry-pi-pico-w",
title: "WebSocket LED Control using Raspberry Pi Pico W",
description: "WebSocket LED Control using Raspberry Pi Pico W on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses WebSocket, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "communication",
difficulty: "advanced",
boardType: "pi-pico-w",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import socket
import network
import time
from machine import Pin
import ubinascii
import uhashlib
# LED Setup
led = Pin(15, Pin.OUT)
led.value(0)
# WiFi Configuration
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "pass"
def websocket_accept(key):
GUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
sha1 = uhashlib.sha1((key + GUID).encode()).digest()
return ubinascii.b2a_base64(sha1).strip().decode()
def ws_decode(data):
if len(data) < 6: return ""
payload_len = data[1] & 127
mask = data[2:6]
payload = data[6:6 + payload_len]
decoded = bytearray()
for i in range(len(payload)):
decoded.append(payload[i] ^ mask[i % 4])
return decoded.decode()
# Connect to WiFi
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting to WiFi...")
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print("Connected! Pico IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0])
# Start Server
server = socket.socket()
server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
server.bind(("0.0.0.0", 80))
server.listen(1)
while True:
print("\\n--- Waiting for fresh connection ---")
conn, addr = server.accept()
print("New client from:", addr)
try:
# 1. Handle Handshake
raw_request = conn.recv(1024).decode()
if "Sec-WebSocket-Key" in raw_request:
ws_key = raw_request.split("Sec-WebSocket-Key: ")[1].split("\\r\\n")[0].strip()
accept_key = websocket_accept(ws_key)
handshake = (
"HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\\r\\n"
"Upgrade: websocket\\r\\n"
"Connection: Upgrade\\r\\n"
f"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {accept_key}\\r\\n\\r\\n"
)
conn.send(handshake)
print("Handshake Success!")
# 2. Communication Loop
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data:
print("Client disconnected.")
break
msg = ws_decode(data)
print("Cmd:", msg)
if msg == "ON":
led.value(1)
reply = "LED IS ON"
elif msg == "OFF":
led.value(0)
reply = "LED IS OFF"
else:
reply = "OK"
# Send response frame
frame = bytearray([0x81, len(reply)]) + reply.encode()
conn.send(frame)
else:
print("Not a WebSocket request.")
except Exception as e:
print("Error during session:", e)
finally:
conn.close()
print("Connection closed. Ready for next.")
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "websocket", "wifi"],
},
{
id: "100d-wi-fi-controlled-4wd-robot-car",
title: "Wi Fi Controlled 4WD Robot Car",
description: "Wi Fi Controlled 4WD Robot Car on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects",
category: "robotics",
difficulty: "intermediate",
boardType: "esp32",
languageMode: 'micropython',
files: [
{ name: "main.py", content: `import network
import socket
from machine import Pin
import time
# Wi-Fi credentials
SSID = "kritish"
PASSWORD = "pass"
# Driver 1 (Front)
IN1 = Pin(27, Pin.OUT)
IN2 = Pin(26, Pin.OUT)
IN3 = Pin(25, Pin.OUT)
IN4 = Pin(33, Pin.OUT)
# Driver 2 (Rear)
IN5 = Pin(19, Pin.OUT)
IN6 = Pin(18, Pin.OUT)
IN7 = Pin(5, Pin.OUT)
IN8 = Pin(17, Pin.OUT)
def forward():
IN1.value(1); IN2.value(0)
IN3.value(0); IN4.value(1)
IN5.value(1); IN6.value(0)
IN7.value(0); IN8.value(1)
def backward():
IN1.value(0); IN2.value(1)
IN3.value(1); IN4.value(0)
IN5.value(0); IN6.value(1)
IN7.value(1); IN8.value(0)
def left():
IN1.value(1); IN2.value(0)
IN3.value(1); IN4.value(0)
IN5.value(1); IN6.value(0)
IN7.value(1); IN8.value(0)
def right():
IN1.value(0); IN2.value(1)
IN3.value(0); IN4.value(1)
IN5.value(0); IN6.value(1)
IN7.value(0); IN8.value(1)
def stop():
IN1.value(0); IN2.value(0)
IN3.value(0); IN4.value(0)
IN5.value(0); IN6.value(0)
IN7.value(0); IN8.value(0)
# Wi-Fi Connect
wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wifi.active(True)
wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)
print("Connecting to Wi-Fi...")
while not wifi.isconnected():
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".")
print("Connected! IP:", wifi.ifconfig()[0])
# Web Page
def webpage():
html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ESP32 Car</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
body { text-align: center; font-family: Arial; background: #1a1a2e; color: white; }
h1 { color: #e94560; }
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 20px 30px;
margin: 10px;
font-size: 24px;
background: #16213e;
color: white;
border: 2px solid #e94560;
border-radius: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
text-decoration: none;
}
.btn:hover { background: #e94560; }
.row { margin: 10px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ESP32 Car Control</h1>
<div class="row">
<a class="btn" href="/forward">Forward</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a class="btn" href="/left">Left</a>
<a class="btn" href="/stop">Stop</a>
<a class="btn" href="/right">Right</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a class="btn" href="/backward">Backward</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>"""
return html
# Web Server
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('', 80))
server.listen(5)
print("Server started!")
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept()
request = conn.recv(1024).decode()
if '/forward' in request:
forward()
elif '/backward' in request:
backward()
elif '/left' in request:
left()
elif '/right' in request:
right()
elif '/stop' in request:
stop()
conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n')
conn.send(webpage())
conn.close()
` },
],
code: '',
components: [],
wires: [],
tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"],
},
];
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