/** * 100 Days of IoT — example projects by Kritish Mohapatra, from * https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects * * AUTO-GENERATED by `test/test_100_days/_emit_examples_data.py`. * Do not edit by hand. Re-run the generator after pulling new upstream * projects: * * python test/test_100_days/_emit_examples_data.py * * Only the projects Velxio can run end-to-end are emitted (49/78 at the * time of generation — see test/test_100_days/README.md for the full * compatibility matrix). Each example is a MicroPython project; the * editor switches into MicroPython mode automatically when one of these * is loaded (see utils/loadExample.ts). */ import type { ExampleProject } from './examples'; export const hundredDaysExamples: ExampleProject[] = [ { id: "100d-aqi-esp", title: "AQI ESP", description: "AQI ESP on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, request, jsonify app = Flask(__name__) @app.route("/predict", methods=["POST"]) def predict(): data = request.get_json() pm25 = data.get("pm25", 0) * 100 co = data.get("co", 0) / 1000 no = data.get("no", 0) / 1000 nox = data.get("nox", 0) / 1000 aqi = round((pm25 + co + no + nox) / 4, 2) if aqi <= 50: status = "Good" elif aqi <= 100: status = "Moderate" elif aqi <= 200: status = "Unhealthy" else: status = "Hazardous" return jsonify({"predicted_aqi": aqi, "status": status}) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True)` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import network import urequests import time from machine import Pin, ADC, I2C import dht import ssd1306 # ================= WIFI ================= SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "@Kpass" SERVER_URL = "http://ip:5000/predict" wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) while not wifi.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected:", wifi.ifconfig()) # ================= OLED ================= i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21)) oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) # ================= DHT ================= # Velxio's simulator emulates the DHT22 waveform, so use dht.DHT22 here. # On real hardware with a DHT11, switch back to dht.DHT11. dht_sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(27)) last_temp = 0 last_hum = 0 # ================= SENSORS ================= mq135 = ADC(Pin(34)) # NO / NOx (estimated) mq7 = ADC(Pin(33)) # CO pm_adc = ADC(Pin(35)) pm_led = Pin(4, Pin.OUT) for adc in [mq135, mq7, pm_adc]: adc.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) adc.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # ================= FUNCTIONS ================= def read_avg(adc, n=10): return sum(adc.read() for _ in range(n)) // n def read_pm25(): pm_led.off() time.sleep_us(280) val = pm_adc.read() time.sleep_us(40) pm_led.on() time.sleep_us(9680) return round(val * (3.3 / 4095), 3) # ================= MAIN LOOP ================= print("System Initializing...") time.sleep(5) print("System Ready") while True: # ---- DHT11 (LOCAL DISPLAY ONLY) ---- try: dht_sensor.measure() last_temp = dht_sensor.temperature() last_hum = dht_sensor.humidity() except: pass # keep last valid value payload = { "no": read_avg(mq135), "co": read_avg(mq7), "nox": read_avg(mq135), "pm25": read_pm25() } try: response = urequests.post(SERVER_URL, json=payload) result = response.json() response.close() aqi = round(result["predicted_aqi"], 2) status = result["status"] except Exception as e: # No prediction server reachable (SERVER_URL is a placeholder in the # simulator) — fall back to the same formula app.py applies, locally. pm25 = payload["pm25"] * 100 co = payload["co"] / 1000 no = payload["no"] / 1000 nox = payload["nox"] / 1000 aqi = round((pm25 + co + no + nox) / 4, 2) if aqi <= 50: status = "Good" elif aqi <= 100: status = "Moderate" elif aqi <= 200: status = "Unhealthy" else: status = "Hazardous" # ---- OLED DISPLAY ---- oled.fill(0) oled.text("AQI MONITOR", 0, 0) oled.text("AQI: {}".format(aqi), 0, 14) oled.text(status, 0, 26) oled.text("Temp: {} C".format(last_temp), 0, 42) oled.text("Hum : {} %".format(last_hum), 0, 54) oled.show() print("Sent:", payload) print("AQI:", aqi, status) time.sleep(5) ` }, { name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces # MIT License; Copyright (c) 2016 Damien P. George (upstream micropython/drivers) # Shipped with this example because the ESP32 firmware does not freeze it in. from micropython import const import framebuf # register definitions SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81) SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4) SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6) SET_DISP = const(0xAE) SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20) SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21) SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22) SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40) SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0) SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8) SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0) SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3) SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA) SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5) SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9) SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB) SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D) class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc): self.width = width self.height = height self.external_vcc = external_vcc self.pages = self.height // 8 self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB) self.init_display() def init_display(self): for cmd in ( SET_DISP | 0x00, # off # address setting SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal # resolution and layout SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00, SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0 SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1, SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0 SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00, SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12, # timing and driving scheme SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80, SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1, SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc # display SET_CONTRAST, 0xFF, # maximum SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted # charge pump SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14, SET_DISP | 0x01, ): # on self.write_cmd(cmd) self.fill(0) self.show() def poweroff(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00) def poweron(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01) def contrast(self, contrast): self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST) self.write_cmd(contrast) def invert(self, invert): self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1)) def show(self): x0 = 0 x1 = self.width - 1 if self.width == 64: # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32 x0 += 32 x1 += 32 self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR) self.write_cmd(x0) self.write_cmd(x1) self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR) self.write_cmd(0) self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1) self.write_data(self.buffer) class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False): self.i2c = i2c self.addr = addr self.temp = bytearray(2) self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1 super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0 self.temp[1] = cmd self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp) def write_data(self, buf): self.write_list[1] = buf self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list) class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False): self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024 dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0) res.init(res.OUT, value=0) cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1) self.spi = spi self.dc = dc self.res = res self.cs = cs import time self.res(1) time.sleep_ms(1) self.res(0) time.sleep_ms(10) self.res(1) super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(buf) self.cs(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "aqi-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "aqi-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 260, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "aqi-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "aqi-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "aqi-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "aqi-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "http_server", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-auto-night-light-using-ldr-esp32-plus-micropython", title: "Auto Night Light using LDR (ESP32 + MicroPython)", description: "Auto Night Light using LDR (ESP32 + MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses LDR. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "sensors", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC from time import sleep # Initialize LDR on ADC pin 34 ldr = ADC(Pin(34)) ldr.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # full range 0-3.3V # Initialize LED on GPIO2 led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) # Threshold for turning LED on/off threshold = 500 while True: light = ldr.read() # Read LDR value print(light) if light < threshold: # It's dark led.on() # Turn LED ON else: # It's bright led.off() # Turn LED OFF sleep(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "ldr", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-battery-monitor-with-blynk-iot", title: "Battery Monitor with Blynk IoT", description: "Battery Monitor with Blynk IoT on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra import network from machine import ADC, Pin import BlynkLib from time import sleep # WiFi WIFI_SSID = "kritish" WIFI_PASS = "pass" # Blynk AUTH = "jXJlUYM2K8a5uA2c" # ADC adc = ADC(0) RATIO = 0.863 BATTERY_TABLE = [ (4.20, 100), (4.10, 90), (4.00, 80), (3.90, 70), (3.80, 60), (3.70, 45), (3.60, 30), (3.50, 15), (3.40, 5), (2.80, 0) ] def read_voltage(samples=20): raw = sum(adc.read() for _ in range(samples)) / samples v_a0 = (raw / 1023) * 3.3 v_bat = (v_a0 * 2) * RATIO return round(v_bat, 2) def volt_to_pct(v): if v >= 4.20: return 100 if v <= 2.80: return 0 for i in range(len(BATTERY_TABLE) - 1): v_high, pct_high = BATTERY_TABLE[i] v_low, pct_low = BATTERY_TABLE[i + 1] if v >= v_low: ratio = (v - v_low) / (v_high - v_low) return int(pct_low + ratio * (pct_high - pct_low)) return 0 # WiFi Connect sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS) while not sta_if.isconnected(): pass print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # Blynk Init # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # Main Loop timer = 0 while True: blynk.run() timer += 1 if timer >= 3000: timer = 0 v = read_voltage() pct = volt_to_pct(v) blynk.virtual_write(0, v) # V0 = Voltage blynk.virtual_write(1, pct) # V1 = Battery % print(f"Sent → {v}V | {pct}%") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-bluetooth-based-wireless-led-control-system", title: "Bluetooth Based Wireless LED Control System", description: "Bluetooth Based Wireless LED Control System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses BLE. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, UART uart = UART(0, 9600) led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) print("Bluetooth Control Ready") while True: if uart.any() > 0: data = uart.read().decode().strip() # decode bytes → string print("Received:", data) if "on" in data.lower(): led.value(1) print("LED ON") uart.write("LED ON\\n") elif "off" in data.lower(): led.value(0) print("LED OFF") uart.write("LED OFF\\n") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "ble", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-blynk-based-iot-relay-control-micropython", title: "Blynk Based IoT Relay Control (MicroPython)", description: "Blynk Based IoT Relay Control (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2025 Kritish Mohapatra''' import network from machine import Pin import BlynkLib from time import sleep # -------- WIFI DETAILS -------- wifissid = "ssid" # Your Wi-Fi SSID wifipass = "pass" # Your Wi-Fi password # Blynk Authorization Token (replace with your Blynk app's token) auth = "gmETsu4VJeGAjNaoV006ytWOUA" # -------- RELAY / LED -------- relay = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) # GP15 (Best for Pico 2 W) relay.value(1) # OFF (Active LOW) # -------- WIFI CONNECT -------- sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass) while not sta_if.isconnected(): sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # -------- BLYNK INIT -------- # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # -------- VIRTUAL PIN V1 -------- @blynk.on("V1") def v1_handler(value): try: relay.value(not int(value[0])) print("Relay State:", value[0]) except: print("Invalid data") # -------- MAIN LOOP -------- while True: blynk.run() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-blynk-controlled-dc-brushless-fan", title: "Blynk Controlled DC Brushless Fan", description: "Blynk Controlled DC Brushless Fan on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import network from machine import Pin import BlynkLib from time import sleep # -------- WIFI DETAILS -------- wifissid = "ssid" wifipass = "pass" # -------- BLYNK AUTH -------- auth = "gmETsutWOUA" # -------- RELAY -------- relay = Pin(15, Pin.OUT) relay.value(1) # Relay OFF (Active LOW) # -------- WIFI CONNECT -------- wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) wifi.connect(wifissid, wifipass) print("Connecting WiFi...") while not wifi.isconnected(): sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected:", wifi.ifconfig()) # -------- BLYNK INIT -------- # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # -------- BUTTON ON V1 -------- @blynk.on("V1") def v1_handler(value): state = int(value[0]) if state == 1: relay.value(0) # Relay ON print("Fan ON") else: relay.value(1) # Relay OFF print("Fan OFF") # -------- MAIN LOOP -------- while True: blynk.run() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-clap-toggle-switch-using-esp32-and-digital-sound-sensor-micropython", title: "Clap Toggle Switch using ESP32 & Digital Sound Sensor (MicroPython)", description: "Clap Toggle Switch using ESP32 & Digital Sound Sensor (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "sensors", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin import time sound = Pin(15, Pin.IN) led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) state = 0 # 0 = OFF, 1 = ON last_time = 0 debounce = 500 # ms (clap gap) while True: if sound.value() == 1: current_time = time.ticks_ms() # debounce check if time.ticks_diff(current_time, last_time) > debounce: state = not state # TOGGLE led.value(state) print("Clap! LED:", "ON" if state else "OFF") last_time = current_time # wait until sound goes low while sound.value() == 1: pass time.sleep_ms(20) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-dc-motor-speed-control-web-slider", title: "DC Motor Speed Control (Web Slider)", description: "DC Motor Speed Control (Web Slider) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import socket from machine import Pin, PWM from time import sleep_ms # -------- WiFi -------- ssid = "kritish" password = "pass" wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): pass print("Open:", wlan.ifconfig()[0]) # -------- Motor -------- ENA = PWM(Pin(13), freq=1000) IN1 = Pin(12, Pin.OUT) IN2 = Pin(14, Pin.OUT) IN1.on() IN2.off() ENA.duty(0) def set_motor(speed): speed = int(speed) if speed <= 0: ENA.duty(0) return # kick start for 6V + L298N ENA.duty(1023) sleep_ms(150) ENA.duty(speed) # -------- HTML -------- html = """

ESP32 DC Motor Control

Speed: 0

""" # -------- Server -------- addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1] s = socket.socket() s.bind(addr) s.listen(1) print("Server running") while True: cl, addr = s.accept() req = cl.recv(1024).decode() if "/set?speed=" in req: try: part = req.split("/set?speed=")[1] spd = part.split(" ")[0] set_motor(spd) print("Speed set:", spd) except: pass cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\nOK") cl.close() continue cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n") cl.send(html) cl.close() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-dht11-web-server-using-esp32-and-micropython", title: "DHT11 Web Server using ESP32 & MicroPython", description: "DHT11 Web Server using ESP32 & MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import machine import network import time import socket import dht # DHT11 sensor setup sensor = dht.DHT22(machine.Pin(4)) # GPIO4 — Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) # Wi-Fi credentials SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "@Krrs2069" # Wi-Fi connection wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) if not wifi.isconnected(): print("Connecting to WiFi...", end="") wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) while not wifi.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print(".", end="") print("\\nConnected to WiFi:", wifi.ifconfig()[0]) else: print("Already connected to WiFi:", wifi.ifconfig()[0]) def web_page(temp, hum): # Corrected HTML with proper humidity unit and a cleaner f-string format. html = f""" ESP32 DHT11 SERVER

ESP32 DHT11 WEBSERVER

🌡 Temperature

{temp} °C

💧 Humidity

{hum} %

Auto-refreshing every 3 seconds ⏳

© 2025 Kritish. Powered by MicroPython.

""" return html # Start web server addr = socket.getaddrinfo("0.0.0.0", 80)[0][-1] server = socket.socket() server.bind(addr) server.listen(1) print("Web server running on:", wifi.ifconfig()[0]) while True: try: # Read sensor sensor.measure() temp = sensor.temperature() hum = sensor.humidity() # Handle client client, addr = server.accept() print("Client connected from", addr) request = client.recv(1024) # Check for valid sensor readings before serving the page if isinstance(temp, (int, float)) and isinstance(hum, (int, float)): response = web_page(temp, hum) else: # Handle cases where sensor reading fails response = "

Sensor reading failed. Please try again.

" client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n") client.sendall(response) client.close() except OSError as e: print("Failed to read sensor or a socket error occurred:", e) time.sleep(10) # Wait a bit before trying again except Exception as e: print("An unexpected error occurred:", e) time.sleep(10)` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "dweb-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "dweb-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "dweb-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "dweb-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "dweb-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-dimmer-led-using-potentiometer-micropython", title: "Dimmer LED using Potentiometer (MicroPython)", description: "Dimmer LED using Potentiometer (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC, PWM from time import sleep pot = ADC(Pin(34)) # Potentiometer pot.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0 - 3.3V range led = PWM(Pin(2)) # LED on GPIO2 led.freq(1000) # 1 kHz PWM frequency while True: val = pot.read() # 0–4095 range duty = int((val / 4095) * 1023) # scale to PWM duty led.duty(duty) print("ADC:", val, "→ PWM:", duty) sleep(0.1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"], }, { id: "100d-dual-ir-entry-exit-detector-with-telegram-alerts", title: "Dual IR Entry Exit Detector with Telegram Alerts", description: "Dual IR Entry Exit Detector with Telegram Alerts on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Telegram, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import urequests import machine import time # ─── WiFi ───────────────────────────────────────────── SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "iot" wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting to WiFi...") while not wifi.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected!") print(wifi.ifconfig()) # ─── Telegram ───────────────────────────────────────── BOT_TOKEN = "" CHAT_ID = 54 # int only, no quotes def send_telegram(msg): msg_encoded = msg.replace(" ", "%20").replace("\\n", "%0A") url = ( "https://api.telegram.org/bot" + BOT_TOKEN + "/sendMessage?chat_id=" + str(CHAT_ID) + "&text=" + msg_encoded ) try: r = urequests.get(url) print("Telegram response:", r.text[:60]) r.close() except Exception as e: print("Telegram error:", e) # ─── Pins ───────────────────────────────────────────── ir_entry = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.IN) # Entry IR ir_exit = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.IN) # Exit IR red_led = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT) # Red LED green_led = machine.Pin(25, machine.Pin.OUT) # Green LED red_led.value(0) green_led.value(0) print("System Ready!") # ─── Main Loop ──────────────────────────────────────── entry_triggered = False exit_triggered = False while True: entry_val = ir_entry.value() exit_val = ir_exit.value() # Entry IR blocked if entry_val == 0 and not entry_triggered: entry_triggered = True exit_triggered = False red_led.value(1) # Red ON - object inside green_led.value(0) print("Object Entered!") send_telegram("Object Entered!") # Exit IR blocked if exit_val == 0 and not exit_triggered and entry_triggered: exit_triggered = True entry_triggered = False red_led.value(0) # Red OFF green_led.value(1) # Green ON - object gone print("Object Gone!") send_telegram("Object Gone!") time.sleep(2) # Green stays for 2 sec green_led.value(0) time.sleep(0.1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "telegram", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-eeprom-simulation-using-micropython-on-esp32-wokwi", title: "EEPROM Simulation using MicroPython on ESP32 (Wokwi)", description: "EEPROM Simulation using MicroPython on ESP32 (Wokwi) on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `# ===== EEPROM Simulation (File-based) ===== EEPROM_FILE = "eeprom.dat" EEPROM_SIZE = 512 def eeprom_init(): try: with open(EEPROM_FILE, "rb"): print("EEPROM exists") except: print("Creating EEPROM...") with open(EEPROM_FILE, "wb") as f: f.write(bytearray(EEPROM_SIZE)) def eeprom_read_byte(addr): with open(EEPROM_FILE, "rb") as f: f.seek(addr) return f.read(1)[0] def eeprom_write_byte(addr, val): with open(EEPROM_FILE, "r+b") as f: f.seek(addr) f.write(bytes([val])) # ===== String Functions (Arduino Style) ===== def save_string(address, text): for i, ch in enumerate(text): if eeprom_read_byte(address + i) != ord(ch): eeprom_write_byte(address + i, ord(ch)) # null terminator if eeprom_read_byte(address + len(text)) != 0: eeprom_write_byte(address + len(text), 0) def read_string(address): result = "" while address < EEPROM_SIZE: b = eeprom_read_byte(address) if b == 0: break result += chr(b) address += 1 return result # ===== Main Logic ===== while True: eeprom_init() print("\\nEnter a string to save in EEPROM:") text_to_save = input() stored_text = read_string(0) if text_to_save != stored_text: save_string(0, text_to_save) print("String saved in EEPROM.") else: print("String is same as previous one.") print("Stored Text in EEPROM:", read_string(0)) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-esp32-ble-led-control", title: "ESP32 BLE LED Control", description: "ESP32 BLE LED Control on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses BLE. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, Timer import ubluetooth from time import sleep_ms message = "" led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) # Normal ESP32 onboard LED class ESP32_BLE(): def __init__(self, name): self.timer = Timer(0) self.name = name self.is_connected = False self.ble = ubluetooth.BLE() self.ble.active(True) self.disconnected() self.ble.irq(self.ble_irq) self.register() self.advertiser() def connected(self): self.is_connected = True self.timer.deinit() led.value(1) # Solid ON = connected def disconnected(self): self.is_connected = False led.value(0) self.timer.init(period=500, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t: led.value(not led.value())) # Blink = disconnected def ble_irq(self, event, data): global message if event == 1: self.connected() elif event == 2: self.advertiser() self.disconnected() elif event == 3: buffer = self.ble.gatts_read(self.rx) message = buffer.decode('UTF-8').strip() print("Received:", message) def register(self): NUS_UUID = '6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E' RX_UUID = '6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E' TX_UUID = '6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E' BLE_NUS = ubluetooth.UUID(NUS_UUID) BLE_RX = (ubluetooth.UUID(RX_UUID), ubluetooth.FLAG_WRITE) BLE_TX = (ubluetooth.UUID(TX_UUID), ubluetooth.FLAG_NOTIFY) BLE_UART = (BLE_NUS, (BLE_TX, BLE_RX,)) SERVICES = (BLE_UART,) ((self.tx, self.rx,),) = self.ble.gatts_register_services(SERVICES) def send(self, data): if not self.is_connected: print("Not connected!") return try: if isinstance(data, str): data = data.encode('UTF-8') self.ble.gatts_notify(0, self.tx, data + b'\\n') except Exception as e: print("Send error:", e) def advertiser(self): name = bytes(self.name, 'UTF-8') adv_data = bytearray(b'\\x02\\x01\\x02') + bytearray((len(name) + 1, 0x09)) + name self.ble.gap_advertise(100, adv_data) print("Advertising as:", self.name) ble = ESP32_BLE("ESP32") while True: if message == "LED_ON": led.value(1) print("LED ON") ble.send("LED is ON") message = "" elif message == "LED_OFF": led.value(0) print("LED OFF") ble.send("LED is OFF") message = "" elif message == "STATUS": status = "LED is ON" if led.value() else "LED is OFF" print(status) ble.send(status) message = "" sleep_ms(100) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "ble", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-esp32-hotspot-access-point-setup-micropython", title: "ESP32 Hotspot (Access Point) Setup MicroPython", description: "ESP32 Hotspot (Access Point) Setup MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import time ap=network.WLAN(network.AP_IF) ap.active(True) ap.config(essid="ESP32_HOTSPOT", password="@Kritish", authmode=network.AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK) while not ap.active(): time.sleep(1) print("✅ ESP32 Hotspot Started") print("📶 SSID: ESP32_HOTSPOT") print("🌐 IP Address:", ap.ifconfig()[0]) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-esp32-ir-sensor-telegram-alert-micropython", title: "ESP32 IR Sensor Telegram Alert (MicroPython)", description: "ESP32 IR Sensor Telegram Alert (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Telegram, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import urequests import machine import time import ujson # -------- WiFi -------- SSID = "ssid" PASSWORD = "@pass" wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting to WiFi...") while not wifi.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected ✅") print(wifi.ifconfig()) # -------- Telegram -------- BOT_TOKEN = "bottoken" CHAT_ID = -12457 # int ONLY def send_telegram(msg): msg = msg.replace(" ", "%20").replace("\\n", "%0A") url = ( "https://api.telegram.org/bot" + BOT_TOKEN + "/sendMessage?chat_id=" + str(CHAT_ID) + "&text=" + msg ) r = urequests.get(url) print("Telegram response:", r.text) r.close() # -------- IR Sensor -------- ir = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.IN) print("System Ready 🚀") last_alert = 0 ALERT_DELAY = 10 while True: if ir.value() == 0: if time.time() - last_alert > ALERT_DELAY: print("🚨 Object Detected!") send_telegram("🚨 IR ALERT!\\nObject detected near ESP32") last_alert = time.time() time.sleep(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "telegram", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-esp32-oled-smart-ui-eyes-animation-time-and-weather-micropython", title: "ESP32 OLED Smart UI Eyes Animation Time & Weather (MicroPython)", description: "ESP32 OLED Smart UI Eyes Animation Time & Weather (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, I2C import ssd1306 from time import sleep, localtime, time import network, ntptime import urequests as requests import urandom as random # ================= CONFIG ================= SSID = "ssid" PASSWORD = "pass" # IST Offset: 5 hours 30 mins = (5*3600 + 30*60) = 19800 seconds UTC_OFFSET = 19800 OWM_API_KEY = "key" CITY = "city" # ================= HARDWARE ================= # Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses) i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21)) oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) touch_next = Pin(14, Pin.IN) touch_sel = Pin(27, Pin.IN) # ================= UTILS ================= def wifi_connect(): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) if not wlan.isconnected(): wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) for _ in range(20): if wlan.isconnected(): break sleep(0.5) def sync_time(): try: ntptime.host = "pool.ntp.org" ntptime.settime() print("Time Synced!") return True except: print("Sync Failed") return False def get_local_time(): return localtime(time() + UTC_OFFSET) def wait_for_release(pin): while pin.value(): sleep(0.05) def pressed(pin): if pin.value(): sleep(0.1) wait_for_release(pin) return True return False # ================= EYE SYSTEM ================= def draw_eye(x, y, state=2, look=0): w, h = 24, 16 if state == 0: # Closed oled.fill_rect(x, y + (h//2), w, 2, 1) elif state == 1: # Half-open oled.rect(x, y + (h//4), w, h//2, 1) oled.fill_rect(x + 8 + look, y + (h//4) + 2, 8, 4, 1) elif state == 2: # Fully Open oled.rect(x, y, w, h, 1) oled.fill_rect(x + 6 + look, y + 4, 10, 8, 1) def animate_eyes_step(): dirs = [-4, 0, 4] look_dir = dirs[random.getrandbits(8) % 3] for _ in range(30): oled.fill(0) draw_eye(25, 22, state=2, look=look_dir) draw_eye(78, 22, state=2, look=look_dir) oled.show() if touch_sel.value(): wait_for_release(touch_sel) return True sleep(0.1) for p in [1, 0, 1]: oled.fill(0) draw_eye(25, 22, state=p, look=look_dir) draw_eye(78, 22, state=p, look=look_dir) oled.show() sleep(0.05) return False # ================= SCREENS ================= def show_time_screen(): while True: t = get_local_time() oled.fill(0) oled.text("TIME (IST)", 30, 0) # Time format: HH:MM:SS oled.text("{:02d}:{:02d}:{:02d}".format(t[3], t[4], t[5]), 30, 25) # Date format: DD/MM/YYYY oled.text("{:02d}/{:02d}/{}".format(t[2], t[1], t[0]), 22, 40) oled.text("Nxt:Sync,Sel:Ext", 0, 55) oled.show() if touch_next.value(): sync_time() wait_for_release(touch_next) if pressed(touch_sel): break def show_weather_screen(): oled.fill(0) oled.text("Loading...", 30, 25) oled.show() try: url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={}&appid={}&units=metric".format(CITY, OWM_API_KEY) res = requests.get(url).json() temp, hum = res['main']['temp'], res['main']['humidity'] desc = res['weather'][0]['main'] while True: oled.fill(0) oled.text("WEATHER: " + CITY, 0, 0) oled.text("Temp: {}C".format(temp), 10, 20) oled.text("Hum: {}%".format(hum), 10, 35) oled.text("Cond: " + desc, 10, 50) oled.show() if pressed(touch_sel): break except: oled.fill(0) oled.text("API Error", 30, 25) oled.show() sleep(2) # ================= MAIN ================= WELCOME, EYES, MENU, TIME_S, WEATHER = range(5) state = WELCOME menu = ["TIME", "WEATHER", "BACK"] menu_index = 0 wifi_connect() sync_time() while True: if state == WELCOME: oled.fill(0) oled.text("Welcome Kritish", 5, 25) oled.show() sleep(2) state = EYES elif state == EYES: if animate_eyes_step(): state = MENU elif state == MENU: oled.fill(0) oled.text("-- MENU --", 30, 0) for i, item in enumerate(menu): marker = ">" if i == menu_index else " " oled.text("{} {}".format(marker, item), 10, 20 + i*12) oled.show() if pressed(touch_next): menu_index = (menu_index + 1) % len(menu) if pressed(touch_sel): choice = menu[menu_index] if choice == "TIME": state = TIME_S elif choice == "WEATHER": state = WEATHER else: state = EYES elif state == TIME_S: show_time_screen() state = MENU elif state == WEATHER: show_weather_screen() state = MENU ` }, { name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces from micropython import const import framebuf # register definitions SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81) SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4) SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6) SET_DISP = const(0xAE) SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20) SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21) SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22) SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40) SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0) SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8) SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0) SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3) SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA) SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5) SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9) SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB) SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D) # Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc): self.width = width self.height = height self.external_vcc = external_vcc self.pages = self.height // 8 self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB) self.init_display() def init_display(self): for cmd in ( SET_DISP | 0x00, # off # address setting SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal # resolution and layout SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00, SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0 SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1, SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0 SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00, SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12, # timing and driving scheme SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80, SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1, SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc # display SET_CONTRAST, 0xFF, # maximum SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted # charge pump SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14, SET_DISP | 0x01, ): # on self.write_cmd(cmd) self.fill(0) self.show() def poweroff(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00) def poweron(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01) def contrast(self, contrast): self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST) self.write_cmd(contrast) def invert(self, invert): self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1)) def show(self): x0 = 0 x1 = self.width - 1 if self.width == 64: # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32 x0 += 32 x1 += 32 self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR) self.write_cmd(x0) self.write_cmd(x1) self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR) self.write_cmd(0) self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1) self.write_data(self.buffer) class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False): self.i2c = i2c self.addr = addr self.temp = bytearray(2) self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1 super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0 self.temp[1] = cmd self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp) def write_data(self, buf): self.write_list[1] = buf self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list) class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False): self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024 dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0) res.init(res.OUT, value=0) cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1) self.spi = spi self.dc = dc self.res = res self.cs = cs import time self.res(1) time.sleep_ms(1) self.res(0) time.sleep_ms(10) self.res(1) super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(buf) self.cs(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "eyes-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-pushbutton", "id": "eyes-btn-next", "x": 420, "y": 260, "properties": {"color": "blue"}}, {"type": "wokwi-pushbutton", "id": "eyes-btn-sel", "x": 540, "y": 260, "properties": {"color": "green"}}], wires: [{"id": "eyes-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-next-pin", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-next", "pinName": "1.l"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-next-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-next", "pinName": "2.l"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-sel-pin", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-sel", "pinName": "1.l"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "eyes-btn-sel-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "eyes-btn-sel", "pinName": "2.l"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-flask-server-based-led-control-using-micropython", title: "Flask Server Based LED Control using MicroPython", description: "Flask Server Based LED Control using MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, jsonify, render_template app = Flask(__name__) led_state = {"value": 0} @app.route("/") def home(): return render_template("index.html") @app.route("/led/on") def led_on(): led_state["value"] = 1 return "OK" @app.route("/led/off") def led_off(): led_state["value"] = 0 return "OK" @app.route("/led/state") def get_state(): return jsonify(led_state) app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import network, urequests, time from machine import Pin # LED led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) # WiFi ssid = "kritish" password = "pass" wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("Connected:", wlan.ifconfig()) # Flask server URL SERVER = "http://ip:5000/led/state" while True: try: r = urequests.get(SERVER) state = r.json()["value"] r.close() led.value(state) print("LED =", state) except Exception as e: print("Error:", e) time.sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "http_server", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-iot-atmospheric-monitoring-system-using-esp32-wowki-and-blynk", title: "IoT Atmospheric Monitoring System using ESP32, wowki & Blynk", description: "IoT Atmospheric Monitoring System using ESP32, wowki & Blynk on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "bmp180.py", content: `''' bmp180.py — Velxio simulator adaptation. Keeps the classic BMP180 driver API the original project uses (BMP180(i2c), .oversample, .sealevel, .temperature, .pressure, .altitude) but talks to the BMP280 barometric sensor that the Velxio ESP32 simulator emulates on the I2C bus (chip id 0x58, address 0x76/0x77) — the BMP180 itself is not in the simulator's catalogue. On real hardware with an actual BMP180, replace this module with the classic driver: https://github.com/micropython-IMU/micropython-bmp180 ''' from ustruct import unpack class BMP180: def __init__(self, i2c): self._i2c = i2c # Probe the two possible addresses directly instead of i2c.scan(): # a full-bus scan stalls on Velxio's in-browser ESP32 engine. self._addr = 0x76 for addr in (0x76, 0x77): try: self._i2c.readfrom_mem(addr, 0xD0, 1) # chip-id register self._addr = addr break except OSError: pass # BMP280 trimming coefficients live at 0x88..0x9F buf = self._i2c.readfrom_mem(self._addr, 0x88, 24) (self._T1, self._T2, self._T3, self._P1, self._P2, self._P3, self._P4, self._P5, self._P6, self._P7, self._P8, self._P9) = unpack('> 4) adc_t = (b[3] << 12) | (b[4] << 4) | (b[5] >> 4) return adc_t, adc_p # Bosch BMP280 compensation formulas (datasheet section 3.11.3) def _t_fine(self, adc_t): v1 = (((adc_t >> 3) - (self._T1 << 1)) * self._T2) >> 11 s = (adc_t >> 4) - self._T1 v2 = ((s * s >> 12) * self._T3) >> 14 return v1 + v2 @property def temperature(self): '''Temperature in degrees C.''' adc_t, _ = self._read_raw() return ((self._t_fine(adc_t) * 5 + 128) >> 8) / 100 @property def pressure(self): '''Pressure in Pa (same unit as the classic BMP180 driver).''' adc_t, adc_p = self._read_raw() tf = self._t_fine(adc_t) v1 = tf / 2.0 - 64000.0 v2 = v1 * v1 * self._P6 / 32768.0 v2 = v2 + v1 * self._P5 * 2.0 v2 = v2 / 4.0 + self._P4 * 65536.0 v1 = (self._P3 * v1 * v1 / 524288.0 + self._P2 * v1) / 524288.0 v1 = (1.0 + v1 / 32768.0) * self._P1 if v1 == 0: return 0.0 p = 1048576.0 - adc_p p = (p - v2 / 4096.0) * 6250.0 / v1 p = p + (self._P9 * p * p / 2147483648.0 + p * self._P8 / 32768.0 + self._P7) / 16.0 return p @property def altitude(self): '''Altitude in m, from pressure vs the configured sea-level pressure.''' try: return 44330.0 * (1.0 - (self.pressure / self.sealevel) ** (1.0 / 5.255)) except Exception: return 0.0 ` }, { name: "main.py", content: ` '''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra''' import network from machine import I2C, Pin import BlynkLib from time import sleep from bmp180 import BMP180 # -------- WiFi -------- wifissid = "Wokwi-GUEST" wifipass = "" # -------- Blynk Token -------- # Replace with your real Blynk Cloud token to see the data on a dashboard. # The demo keeps printing sensor readings on the serial monitor either way. auth = "dashboard-token" # Connect WiFi sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass) while not sta_if.isconnected(): sleep(0.1) print("Connected to Wi-Fi:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # -------- BMP180 I2C -------- # The simulator emulates the ESP32's hardware I2C controller, so use # machine.I2C — a bit-banged SoftI2C bus is not decoded by the emulator. i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21)) bmp = BMP180(i2c) bmp.oversample = 2 bmp.sealevel = 101325 # sea level pressure # -------- MAIN LOOP -------- while True: temp = bmp.temperature pressure = bmp.pressure / 100 # Pa → hPa altitude = bmp.altitude print("Temp:", temp, "C") print("Pressure:", pressure, "hPa") print("Altitude:", altitude, "m") print("----------------------") # Send to Blynk try: blynk.run() blynk.virtual_write(0, temp) # V0 Temperature blynk.virtual_write(1, pressure) # V1 Pressure blynk.virtual_write(2, altitude) # V2 Altitude except Exception as e: print("Blynk error, continuing offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "velxio-bmp280", "id": "atm-bmp1", "x": 430, "y": 150, "properties": {"temperature": "24.5", "pressure": "1013.25"}}], wires: [{"id": "atm-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "atm-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "atm-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "atm-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "atm-bmp1", "pinName": "SCL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-iot-based-dsm-smart-metering", title: "IoT Based DSM Smart Metering", description: "IoT Based DSM Smart Metering on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, OTA, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "dsm_code1_csv.py", content: `# ============================================================ # DSM Smart Meter — Code 1: Data Collection # CSV Serial Output → Copy → MATLAB Plot # Author : Kritish Mohapatra # # ZMPT101B → GPIO34 (Voltage) # ACS712 #1 → GPIO35 (Fan / Light Load) # ACS712 #2 → GPIO32 (Iron / Heavy Load) # Relay 1 → GPIO26 (Fan) # Relay 2 → GPIO27 (Iron) # ============================================================ import network import machine import math import BlynkLib from time import time # ─── WiFi Credentials ──────────────────────────────────────── WIFI_SSID = "Kritish" WIFI_PASS = "@pass" # ─── Blynk Auth ────────────────────────────────────────────── AUTH = "oizEb24" # ─── ADC Setup ─────────────────────────────────────────────── adc_voltage = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(34)) adc_current1 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(35)) adc_current2 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(32)) adc_voltage.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) adc_current1.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) adc_current2.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) # ─── Relay + LED ───────────────────────────────────────────── r1 = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT) r2 = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.OUT) led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) r1.value(1) r2.value(1) led.value(0) # ─── Calibration ───────────────────────────────────────────── ADC_MAX = 4095 ADC_VREF = 3.3 ZMPT_SENSITIVITY = 133.8 # voltage calibrated: actual=216V ACS712_SENSITIVITY = 0.100 # V/A for 20A variant ACS_ZERO_FAN = 0.8736 ACS_ZERO_IRON = 0.8746 CURR_FACTOR_FAN = 0.005 CURR_FACTOR_IRON = 0.055 CURRENT_THRESHOLD = 0.01 # below this → 0.00A SAMPLE_COUNT = 500 # ─── Fake Time ─────────────────────────────────────────────── FAKE_START_HOUR = 18 # 6 PM FAKE_START_MIN = 0 fake_total_min = FAKE_START_HOUR * 60 + FAKE_START_MIN # ─── State ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── fan_on = False iron_on = False # ─── WiFi Connect ──────────────────────────────────────────── sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS) print("Connecting to WiFi...") while not sta_if.isconnected(): pass print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # ─── Blynk Init ────────────────────────────────────────────── # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # ─── Blynk Switch Handlers ─────────────────────────────────── @blynk.on("V3") def v3_handler(value): global fan_on fan_on = value[0] == '1' r1.value(0 if fan_on else 1) led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0) print(f"# FAN {'ON' if fan_on else 'OFF'}") @blynk.on("V4") def v4_handler(value): global iron_on iron_on = value[0] == '1' r2.value(0 if iron_on else 1) led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0) print(f"# IRON {'ON' if iron_on else 'OFF'}") # ─── Sensor Functions ──────────────────────────────────────── def read_voltage_rms(): sum_sq = 0.0 for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT): raw = adc_voltage.read() v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF centered = v - (ADC_VREF / 2.0) scaled = centered * ZMPT_SENSITIVITY sum_sq += scaled * scaled return math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) def read_current_rms(adc, zero_offset, factor): sum_sq = 0.0 for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT): raw = adc.read() v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF centered = v - zero_offset amps = centered / ACS712_SENSITIVITY sum_sq += amps * amps rms = math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) * factor return 0.0 if rms < CURRENT_THRESHOLD else rms def get_readings(): v = read_voltage_rms() i1 = read_current_rms(adc_current1, ACS_ZERO_FAN, CURR_FACTOR_FAN) i2 = read_current_rms(adc_current2, ACS_ZERO_IRON, CURR_FACTOR_IRON) if r1.value() == 1: i1 = 0.0 if r2.value() == 1: i2 = 0.0 if r1.value() == 1 and r2.value() == 1: v = 0.0 p1 = v * i1 p2 = v * i2 pt = p1 + p2 return v, p1, p2, pt # ─── Fake Time ─────────────────────────────────────────────── def get_fake_time(): global fake_total_min h = (fake_total_min // 60) % 24 m = fake_total_min % 60 fake_total_min += 1 return h, m # ─── Main Loop ─────────────────────────────────────────────── # CSV Header print("# DSM Smart Meter — Code 1 Data Collection") print("# Copy everything below (except lines with #) to data.csv") print("Time,Voltage,FanPower,IronPower,TotalPower,FanStatus,IronStatus") timer = 0 while True: blynk.run() timer += 1 if timer >= 3000: timer = 0 v, p1, p2, pt = get_readings() h, m = get_fake_time() time_str = f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}" # CSV line — copy this to MATLAB print(f"{time_str},{v:.2f},{p1:.1f},{p2:.1f},{pt:.1f},{1 if fan_on else 0},{1 if iron_on else 0}") # Blynk upload blynk.virtual_write(0, round(v, 2)) blynk.virtual_write(1, round(p1, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(2, round(p2, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(3, 1 if fan_on else 0) blynk.virtual_write(4, 1 if iron_on else 0) blynk.virtual_write(5, round(pt, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(6, round(pt, 1))` }, { name: "dsm_code2_peakshift.py", content: `# ============================================================ # DSM Smart Meter — Code 2: Peak Shifting (With DSM) # Auto Iron OFF during peak hour # Author : Kritish Mohapatra # # ZMPT101B → GPIO34 (Voltage) # ACS712 #1 → GPIO35 (Fan / Light Load) # ACS712 #2 → GPIO32 (Iron / Heavy Load) # Relay 1 → GPIO26 (Fan) # Relay 2 → GPIO27 (Iron) # # BLYNK VIRTUAL PINS # V0 → Voltage gauge # V1 → Light Load power (Fan) # V2 → Heavy Load power (Iron) # V3 → Switch 1 (Fan ON/OFF) # V4 → Switch 2 (Iron ON/OFF) # V5 → Power Graph (SuperChart) # V6 → Total Power gauge # # FAKE TIME SCHEDULE (IST): # 18:00 – 18:06 → All OFF # 18:06 → Fan ON # 18:17 – 18:48 → PEAK ZONE → Iron AUTO OFF # 18:49 → Iron AUTO restore # 18:57 → Fan OFF # ============================================================ import network import machine import math import BlynkLib from time import time # ─── WiFi Credentials ──────────────────────────────────────── WIFI_SSID = "kritish" WIFI_PASS = "pass" # ─── Blynk Auth ────────────────────────────────────────────── AUTH = "auth" # ─── ADC Setup ─────────────────────────────────────────────── adc_voltage = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(34)) adc_current1 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(35)) adc_current2 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(32)) adc_voltage.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) adc_current1.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) adc_current2.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB) # ─── Relay + LED ───────────────────────────────────────────── r1 = machine.Pin(26, machine.Pin.OUT) r2 = machine.Pin(27, machine.Pin.OUT) led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) r1.value(1) r2.value(1) led.value(0) # ─── Calibration ───────────────────────────────────────────── ADC_MAX = 4095 ADC_VREF = 3.3 ZMPT_SENSITIVITY = 133.8 # voltage calibrated: actual=216V ACS712_SENSITIVITY = 0.100 # V/A for 20A variant ACS_ZERO_FAN = 0.8736 ACS_ZERO_IRON = 0.8746 CURR_FACTOR_FAN = 0.005 CURR_FACTOR_IRON = 0.055 CURRENT_THRESHOLD = 0.01 # below this → 0.00A SAMPLE_COUNT = 500 # ─── Fake Time ─────────────────────────────────────────────── FAKE_START_HOUR = 18 FAKE_START_MIN = 0 fake_total_min = FAKE_START_HOUR * 60 + FAKE_START_MIN # ─── Peak Window (fake IST minutes) ────────────────────────── PEAK_START = 18 * 60 + 17 # 18:17 PEAK_END = 18 * 60 + 49 # 18:49 # ─── State ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── fan_on = False iron_on = False iron_wanted = False dsm_active = False # ─── WiFi Connect ──────────────────────────────────────────── sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS) print("Connecting to WiFi...") while not sta_if.isconnected(): pass print("WiFi Connected:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # ─── Blynk Init ────────────────────────────────────────────── blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(AUTH, insecure=True) # ─── Blynk Switch Handlers ─────────────────────────────────── @blynk.on("V3") def v3_handler(value): global fan_on fan_on = value[0] == '1' r1.value(0 if fan_on else 1) led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0) print(f"# FAN {'ON' if fan_on else 'OFF'}") @blynk.on("V4") def v4_handler(value): global iron_wanted iron_wanted = value[0] == '1' print(f"# IRON {'ON' if iron_wanted else 'OFF'} (requested)") # ─── Sensor Functions ──────────────────────────────────────── def read_voltage_rms(): sum_sq = 0.0 for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT): raw = adc_voltage.read() v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF centered = v - (ADC_VREF / 2.0) scaled = centered * ZMPT_SENSITIVITY sum_sq += scaled * scaled return math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) def read_current_rms(adc, zero_offset, factor): sum_sq = 0.0 for _ in range(SAMPLE_COUNT): raw = adc.read() v = (raw / ADC_MAX) * ADC_VREF centered = v - zero_offset amps = centered / ACS712_SENSITIVITY sum_sq += amps * amps rms = math.sqrt(sum_sq / SAMPLE_COUNT) * factor return 0.0 if rms < CURRENT_THRESHOLD else rms def get_readings(): v = read_voltage_rms() i1 = read_current_rms(adc_current1, ACS_ZERO_FAN, CURR_FACTOR_FAN) i2 = read_current_rms(adc_current2, ACS_ZERO_IRON, CURR_FACTOR_IRON) if r1.value() == 1: i1 = 0.0 if r2.value() == 1: i2 = 0.0 if r1.value() == 1 and r2.value() == 1: v = 0.0 p1 = v * i1 p2 = v * i2 pt = p1 + p2 return v, p1, p2, pt # ─── Fake Time ─────────────────────────────────────────────── def get_fake_time(): global fake_total_min h = (fake_total_min // 60) % 24 m = fake_total_min % 60 current = fake_total_min fake_total_min += 1 return h, m, current # ─── DSM Peak Shifting Logic ───────────────────────────────── def run_dsm(current_min): global iron_on, dsm_active is_peak = (PEAK_START <= current_min < PEAK_END) if is_peak and iron_wanted and not dsm_active: # Peak hour mein iron OFF karo iron_on = False r2.value(1) dsm_active = True led.value(1 if fan_on else 0) print("# DSM: PEAK HOUR → Iron AUTO OFF!") blynk.virtual_write(7, "⚠ PEAK! Iron AUTO OFF") elif not is_peak and dsm_active: if iron_wanted: iron_on = True r2.value(0) dsm_active = False led.value(1 if (fan_on or iron_on) else 0) print("# DSM: Peak over → Iron RESTORED!") blynk.virtual_write(7, "✓ Peak over. Iron restored!") elif not is_peak and iron_wanted and not dsm_active: iron_on = True r2.value(0) elif not iron_wanted: iron_on = False r2.value(1) dsm_active = False # ─── Main Loop ─────────────────────────────────────────────── print("# DSM Smart Meter — Code 2: Peak Shifting Mode") print(f"# Peak window: 18:17 – 18:49 (fake IST)") print("Time,Voltage,FanPower,IronPower,TotalPower,FanStatus,IronStatus,DSM") timer = 0 while True: blynk.run() timer += 1 if timer >= 3000: timer = 0 h, m, current_min = get_fake_time() # DSM logic run_dsm(current_min) v, p1, p2, pt = get_readings() time_str = f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}" dsm_flag = 1 if dsm_active else 0 # CSV output print(f"{time_str},{v:.2f},{p1:.1f},{p2:.1f},{pt:.1f},{1 if fan_on else 0},{1 if iron_on else 0},{dsm_flag}") # Blynk upload blynk.virtual_write(0, round(v, 2)) blynk.virtual_write(1, round(p1, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(2, round(p2, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(3, 1 if fan_on else 0) blynk.virtual_write(4, 1 if iron_on else 0) blynk.virtual_write(5, round(pt, 1)) blynk.virtual_write(6, round(pt, 1)) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `# Velxio entry point — the project ships two standalone variants: # dsm_code1_csv.py — smart metering with CSV serial output (runs here) # dsm_code2_peakshift.py — peak-shift automation variant (open it and copy # its contents over this import to try it instead) import dsm_code1_csv ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "ota", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-iot-environment-monitoring-with-anomaly-detection", title: "IoT Environment Monitoring With Anomaly Detection", description: "IoT Environment Monitoring With Anomaly Detection on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, LDR, ThingSpeak, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import urequests as requests import time from machine import Pin, ADC import dht # -------------------------- # WiFi Credentials # -------------------------- SSID = "yourssid" PASS = "yourpassword" # -------------------------- # ThingSpeak Details # -------------------------- API_KEY = "yourapikey" BASE_URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/update" # --------------------------a # Sensors Setup # -------------------------- d = dht.DHT22(Pin(2)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) ldr = ADC(0) # A0 pin for LDR # -------------------------- # Connect to WiFi # -------------------------- def connect_wifi(): sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta.active(True) if not sta.isconnected(): print("Connecting WiFi...") sta.connect(SSID, PASS) while not sta.isconnected(): time.sleep(0.5) print("Connected:", sta.ifconfig()) connect_wifi() # -------------------------- # Upload Loop # -------------------------- while True: try: d.measure() temp = d.temperature() hum = d.humidity() light = ldr.read() print("Temp:", temp, "°C", "Hum:", hum, "%", "LDR:", light) url = f"{BASE_URL}?api_key={API_KEY}&field1={temp}&field2={hum}&field3={light}" r = requests.get(url) print("Uploaded:", r.text) r.close() except Exception as e: print("Error:", e) time.sleep(15) # ThingSpeak min 15 sec ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "env-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "env-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "env-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "env-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "env-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "ldr", "micropython", "thingspeak", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-iot-relay-control-web-server-raspberry-pi-pico-2w", title: "IoT Relay Control Web Server (Raspberry Pi Pico 2W)", description: "IoT Relay Control Web Server (Raspberry Pi Pico 2W) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import socket import machine import time # -------- Relay Setup -------- relay = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # GP2 (active LOW) relay_state = 1 # 1 = OFF, 0 = ON relay.value(relay_state) # -------- WiFi -------- ssid = "ssid" password = "pass" wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) print("Connecting...") while not wlan.isconnected(): time.sleep(0.5) ip = wlan.ifconfig()[0] print("Connected at:", ip) # -------- Web Page -------- def webpage(state): checked = "checked" if state == 0 else "" status = "ON" if state == 0 else "OFF" return """ Relay Switch

IOT RELAY WEB SWITCH

Status: """ + status + """

""" # -------- Socket -------- s = socket.socket() s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) s.bind((ip, 80)) s.listen(1) print("Open browser: http://" + ip) # -------- Main Loop -------- while True: conn, addr = s.accept() request = conn.recv(1024) request = str(request) if "/on" in request: relay_state = 0 relay.value(relay_state) elif "/off" in request: relay_state = 1 relay.value(relay_state) conn.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n") conn.sendall(webpage(relay_state)) conn.close() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-iot-smart-irrigation-system", title: "IoT Smart Irrigation System", description: "IoT Smart Irrigation System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra''' import network import time from machine import Pin, ADC import BlynkLib # 🔑 Blynk BLYNK_AUTH = "auth" # 🌐 WiFi WIFI_SSID = "kritish" WIFI_PASS = "@pass" # 📍 Pins SOIL_PIN = 3 # ADC RELAY_PIN = 1 # Relay (active LOW) # 🌱 Soil ADC setup soil = ADC(Pin(SOIL_PIN)) soil.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0–3.3V soil.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 0–4095 # 💧 Relay setup relay = Pin(RELAY_PIN, Pin.OUT) relay.on() # Pump OFF initially # 🌐 WiFi connect (safe) wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(False) time.sleep(1) wifi.active(True) time.sleep(1) wifi.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS) print("Connecting WiFi", end="") t0 = time.time() while not wifi.isconnected(): print(".", end="") time.sleep(1) if time.time() - t0 > 20: print("\\nWiFi failed") break if wifi.isconnected(): print("\\nWiFi OK:", wifi.ifconfig()) # 📲 Blynk init # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # 🔘 Manual Pump Control (V1) @blynk.on("V1") def pump_control(value): if int(value[0]) == 1: relay.off() # Pump ON print("Pump ON") else: relay.on() # Pump OFF print("Pump OFF") # 📊 Read soil & send to Blynk def read_soil(): raw = soil.read() # 0–4095 moisture = int((4095 - raw) * 100 / 4095) moisture = max(0, min(100, moisture)) print("Soil:", moisture, "%") blynk.virtual_write(5, moisture) # 🔁 Main loop last = time.ticks_ms() while True: if wifi.isconnected(): blynk.run() if time.ticks_diff(time.ticks_ms(), last) > 2000: read_soil() last = time.ticks_ms() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-joystick-controlled-servo", title: "Joystick Controlled Servo", description: "Joystick Controlled Servo on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import machine import time # ── Hardware setup ──────────────────────────────────────────── vrx = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(26)) # Joystick X axis servo = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(0)) servo.freq(50) # SG90 = 50Hz # ── Servo helper ────────────────────────────────────────────── def set_angle(angle): # 0° = 1000us, 90° = 1500us, 180° = 2000us us = int(1000 + (angle / 180) * 1000) duty = int(us * 65535 / 20000) servo.duty_u16(duty) # ── Map helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────── def map_val(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max): return int((x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min) # ── Main loop ───────────────────────────────────────────────── print("Joystick Servo Control ready!") while True: # Average 5 samples for smooth reading x_raw = sum(vrx.read_u16() for _ in range(5)) // 5 # Map joystick (0-65535) to angle (0-180) angle = map_val(x_raw, 0, 65535, 0, 180) set_angle(angle) print(f"Raw: {x_raw} Angle: {angle}°") time.sleep(0.05) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"], }, { id: "100d-joystick-direction-display-with-oled", title: "Joystick Direction Display with OLED", description: "Joystick Direction Display with OLED on Raspberry Pi Pico (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "raspberry-pi-pico", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin, I2C import ssd1306 import time # Joystick vrx = ADC(Pin(26)) vry = ADC(Pin(27)) sw = Pin(15, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # OLED i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1), freq=400000) oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) def show_direction(direction, x, y, btn): oled.fill(0) # Big arrow in center if direction == "UP": oled.text("^", 58, 20, 1) oled.text("UP", 52, 35, 1) elif direction == "DOWN": oled.text("v", 58, 20, 1) oled.text("DOWN", 48, 35, 1) elif direction == "RIGHT": oled.text(">", 58, 20, 1) oled.text("RIGHT", 44, 35, 1) elif direction == "LEFT": oled.text("<", 58, 20, 1) oled.text("LEFT", 48, 35, 1) elif direction == "PRESSED": oled.text("* SW *", 40, 20, 1) oled.text("PRESSED", 36, 35, 1) else: oled.text("+", 58, 20, 1) oled.text("CENTER", 40, 35, 1) # Raw values at bottom oled.text(f"X:{x:4d} Y:{y:4d}", 0, 52, 1) oled.show() print("Pico 2 Joystick + OLED Ready!") while True: x = vrx.read_u16() >> 4 y = vry.read_u16() >> 4 btn = sw.value() if btn == 0: direction = "PRESSED" elif x > 3000: direction = "RIGHT" elif x < 1000: direction = "LEFT" elif y > 3000: direction = "DOWN" elif y < 1000: direction = "UP" else: direction = "CENTER" show_direction(direction, x, y, btn) print(f"X={x:4d} Y={y:4d} SW={btn} -> {direction}") time.sleep_ms(150)` }, { name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces from micropython import const import framebuf # register definitions SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81) SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4) SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6) SET_DISP = const(0xAE) SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20) SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21) SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22) SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40) SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0) SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8) SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0) SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3) SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA) SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5) SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9) SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB) SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D) # Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc): self.width = width self.height = height self.external_vcc = external_vcc self.pages = self.height // 8 self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB) self.init_display() def init_display(self): for cmd in ( SET_DISP | 0x00, # off # address setting SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal # resolution and layout SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00, SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0 SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1, SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0 SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00, SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12, # timing and driving scheme SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80, SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1, SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc # display SET_CONTRAST, 0xFF, # maximum SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted # charge pump SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14, SET_DISP | 0x01, ): # on self.write_cmd(cmd) self.fill(0) self.show() def poweroff(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00) def poweron(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01) def contrast(self, contrast): self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST) self.write_cmd(contrast) def invert(self, invert): self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1)) def show(self): x0 = 0 x1 = self.width - 1 if self.width == 64: # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32 x0 += 32 x1 += 32 self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR) self.write_cmd(x0) self.write_cmd(x1) self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR) self.write_cmd(0) self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1) self.write_data(self.buffer) class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False): self.i2c = i2c self.addr = addr self.temp = bytearray(2) self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1 super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0 self.temp[1] = cmd self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp) def write_data(self, buf): self.write_list[1] = buf self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list) class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False): self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024 dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0) res.init(res.OUT, value=0) cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1) self.spi = spi self.dc = dc self.res = res self.cs = cs import time self.res(1) time.sleep_ms(1) self.res(0) time.sleep_ms(10) self.res(1) super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(buf) self.cs(1)` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "joy-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-analog-joystick", "id": "joy-stick1", "x": 440, "y": 240, "properties": {}}], wires: [{"id": "joy-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "joy-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "joy-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP0"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "joy-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP1"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "joy-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "joy-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND.1"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "joy-horz", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP26"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "HORZ"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "joy-vert", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP27"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "VERT"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "joy-sel", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP15"}, "end": {"componentId": "joy-stick1", "pinName": "SEL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}], tags: ["100-days", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "raspberry-pi-pico", "rp2040"], }, { id: "100d-mq4-gas-leak-detection-system-using-esp32-and-micropython", title: "MQ4 Gas Leak Detection System using ESP32 and MicroPython", description: "MQ4 Gas Leak Detection System using ESP32 and MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin import time # MQ4 gas sensor setup mq4 = ADC(Pin(34)) # Analog input pin mq4.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Full voltage range mq4.width(ADC.WIDTH_10BIT) # 10-bit resolution # Buzzer setup buzzer = Pin(15, Pin.OUT) # Threshold for gas alert (tune this based on testing) GAS_THRESHOLD = 240 while True: gas_value = mq4.read() voltage = gas_value * 3.3 / 1023 print("Gas reading (raw):", gas_value) print("Voltage:", round(voltage, 2), "V") # Alert condition if gas_value > GAS_THRESHOLD: buzzer.on() print("⚠️ Gas leak detected! Buzzer ON") else: buzzer.off() print("----------------------------") time.sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-mq7-co-gas-detection-esp32", title: "MQ7 CO Gas Detection ESP32", description: "MQ7 CO Gas Detection ESP32 on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin import time # MQ-7 analog output on GPIO 35 mq7 = ADC(Pin(35)) mq7.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # 0–3.3V mq7.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 12-bit ADC print("MQ-7 CO Sensor Test") print("Warming up MQ-7 sensor (60 seconds)...") # Warm-up phase time.sleep(60) print("Start reading MQ-7 values") while True: readings = [] for i in range(10): readings.append(mq7.read()) time.sleep(0.1) avg_val = sum(readings) // len(readings) print("MQ-7 ADC Value:", avg_val) time.sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-mq-135-gas-sensor-with-esp32-micropython", title: "MQ 135 Gas Sensor with ESP32 (MicroPython)", description: "MQ 135 Gas Sensor with ESP32 (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "sensors", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin import time # MQ-135 connected to GPIO 34 mq135 = ADC(Pin(34)) mq135.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Allow 0–3.3V mq135.width(ADC.WIDTH_12BIT) # 12-bit ADC (0–4095) print("MQ-135 Sensor Test") print("Warming up sensor...") time.sleep(10) # short warm-up for testing while True: total = 0 samples = 10 for i in range(samples): val = mq135.read() total += val time.sleep(0.1) avg_val = total // samples print("MQ-135 ADC Value:", avg_val) time.sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "ota"], }, { id: "100d-micropython-watch", title: "MicroPython Watch", description: "MicroPython Watch on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import ntptime import urequests import ssd1306 import utime from machine import Pin, I2C last_weather_time = 0 weather_temp = 0 # Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses) i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(5), scl=Pin(6), freq=100000) oled=ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) ssid="ssid" password="pass" API_KEY = "8ac1a66e4d9097" def connect_wifi(): wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) oled.fill(0) oled.text("Connecting...", 0, 20, 1) oled.show() while not wlan.isconnected(): utime.sleep(1) oled.fill(0) oled.text("Wifi ok!", 20, 20, 1) oled.text(wlan.ifconfig()[0], 0, 35, 1) oled.show() utime.sleep(2) def show_greeting(): oled.fill(0) oled.text("Hi Kritish!", 20, 28, 1) oled.show() utime.sleep(2) def sync_time(): try: ntptime.settime() except: pass def get_time(): IST=5*3600+30*60 return utime.localtime(utime.time()+IST) def show_time(): lt=get_time() h= "{:02d}".format(lt[3]) m="{:02d}".format(lt[4]) day="{:02d}".format(lt[2]) month="{:02d}".format(lt[1]) yr="{:02d}".format(lt[0]) oled.fill(0) oled.hline(0, 0, 128, 1) # top line oled.hline(0, 63, 128, 1) # bottom line oled.text(h+":"+m,30, 20, 1) oled.text(day+"/"+month+"/"+yr, 20, 35, 1) global last_weather_time, weather_temp if utime.time() - last_weather_time >= 600: weather_temp = get_weather() last_weather_time = utime.time() oled.text(str(int(weather_temp))+" Cel", 45, 50, 1) oled.show() def get_weather(): url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=Bhubaneswar,IN&appid={}&units=metric".format(API_KEY) try: r = urequests.get(url) data = r.json() r.close() return data["main"]["temp"] except Exception as e: print("Weather fetch failed (offline?):", e) return weather_temp # keep the last known value def show_logo(): oled.fill(0) oled.fill_rect(0, 0, 32, 32, 1) oled.fill_rect(2, 2, 28, 28, 0) oled.vline(9, 8, 22, 1) oled.vline(16, 2, 22, 1) oled.vline(23, 8, 22, 1) oled.fill_rect(26, 24, 2, 4, 1) oled.text('MicroPython', 40, 0, 1) oled.text('Clock', 40, 12, 1) oled.text('By Kritish', 40, 24, 1) oled.show() utime.sleep(2) connect_wifi() show_greeting() show_logo() sync_time() while True: show_time() utime.sleep(1) ` }, { name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces from micropython import const import framebuf # register definitions SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81) SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4) SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6) SET_DISP = const(0xAE) SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20) SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21) SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22) SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40) SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0) SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8) SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0) SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3) SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA) SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5) SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9) SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB) SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D) # Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc): self.width = width self.height = height self.external_vcc = external_vcc self.pages = self.height // 8 self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB) self.init_display() def init_display(self): for cmd in ( SET_DISP | 0x00, # off # address setting SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal # resolution and layout SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00, SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0 SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1, SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0 SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00, SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12, # timing and driving scheme SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80, SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1, SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc # display SET_CONTRAST, 0xFF, # maximum SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted # charge pump SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14, SET_DISP | 0x01, ): # on self.write_cmd(cmd) self.fill(0) self.show() def poweroff(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00) def poweron(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01) def contrast(self, contrast): self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST) self.write_cmd(contrast) def invert(self, invert): self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1)) def show(self): x0 = 0 x1 = self.width - 1 if self.width == 64: # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32 x0 += 32 x1 += 32 self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR) self.write_cmd(x0) self.write_cmd(x1) self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR) self.write_cmd(0) self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1) self.write_data(self.buffer) class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False): self.i2c = i2c self.addr = addr self.temp = bytearray(2) self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1 super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0 self.temp[1] = cmd self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp) def write_data(self, buf): self.write_list[1] = buf self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list) class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False): self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024 dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0) res.init(res.OUT, value=0) cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1) self.spi = spi self.dc = dc self.res = res self.cs = cs import time self.res(1) time.sleep_ms(1) self.res(0) time.sleep_ms(10) self.res(1) super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(buf) self.cs(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "watch-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}], wires: [{"id": "watch-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "watch-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "watch-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "watch-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "6"}, "end": {"componentId": "watch-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-ntp-synchronized-digital-clock-using-esp32-and-max7219", title: "NTP Synchronized Digital Clock using ESP32 & MAX7219", description: "NTP Synchronized Digital Clock using ESP32 & MAX7219 on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses MAX7219, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: ` from machine import Pin, SPI import max7219 import time import network import ntptime # ========== WIFI CONFIG ========== SSID = "Wokwi-GUEST" PASSWORD = "" # ========== CONNECT WIFI ========== wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting WiFi...") while not wlan.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("WiFi Connected:", wlan.ifconfig()) # ========== NTP TIME SYNC ========== print("Syncing time from NTP...") ntptime.settime() # UTC time # ========== SPI MAX7219 ========== spi = SPI(1, baudrate=10000000, polarity=1, phase=0, sck=Pin(4), mosi=Pin(2)) cs = Pin(5, Pin.OUT) display = max7219.Matrix8x8(spi, cs, 5) # 5 matrices display.brightness(5) # Colon draw function def draw_colon(x): display.pixel(x, 2, 1) display.pixel(x, 5, 1) # Timezone offset (India = UTC +5:30) TZ_OFFSET = 5*3600 + 30*60 # ========== MAIN LOOP ========== while True: t = time.time() + TZ_OFFSET tm = time.localtime(t) hh = "{:02d}".format(tm[3]) mm = "{:02d}".format(tm[4]) ss = "{:02d}".format(tm[5]) # SERIAL PRINT print("TIME:", hh, mm) # DISPLAY display.fill(0) display.text(hh, 0, 0, 1) draw_colon(18) draw_colon(19) display.text(mm, 22, 0, 1) display.show() time.sleep(1) ` }, { name: "max7219.py", content: `""" MicroPython max7219 cascadable 8x8 LED matrix driver https://github.com/mcauser/micropython-max7219 MIT License Copyright (c) 2017 Mike Causer Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ from micropython import const import framebuf _NOOP = const(0) _DIGIT0 = const(1) _DECODEMODE = const(9) _INTENSITY = const(10) _SCANLIMIT = const(11) _SHUTDOWN = const(12) _DISPLAYTEST = const(15) class Matrix8x8: def __init__(self, spi, cs, num): """ Driver for cascading MAX7219 8x8 LED matrices. >>> import max7219 >>> from machine import Pin, SPI >>> spi = SPI(1) >>> display = max7219.Matrix8x8(spi, Pin('X5'), 4) >>> display.text('1234',0,0,1) >>> display.show() """ self.spi = spi self.cs = cs self.cs.init(cs.OUT, True) self.buffer = bytearray(8 * num) self.num = num fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(self.buffer, 8 * num, 8, framebuf.MONO_HMSB) self.framebuf = fb # Provide methods for accessing FrameBuffer graphics primitives. This is a workround # because inheritance from a native class is currently unsupported. # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html self.fill = fb.fill # (col) self.pixel = fb.pixel # (x, y[, c]) self.hline = fb.hline # (x, y, w, col) self.vline = fb.vline # (x, y, h, col) self.line = fb.line # (x1, y1, x2, y2, col) self.rect = fb.rect # (x, y, w, h, col) self.fill_rect = fb.fill_rect # (x, y, w, h, col) self.text = fb.text # (string, x, y, col=1) self.scroll = fb.scroll # (dx, dy) self.blit = fb.blit # (fbuf, x, y[, key]) self.init() def _write(self, command, data): self.cs(0) for m in range(self.num): self.spi.write(bytearray([command, data])) self.cs(1) def init(self): for command, data in ( (_SHUTDOWN, 0), (_DISPLAYTEST, 0), (_SCANLIMIT, 7), (_DECODEMODE, 0), (_SHUTDOWN, 1), ): self._write(command, data) def brightness(self, value): if not 0 <= value <= 15: raise ValueError("Brightness out of range") self._write(_INTENSITY, value) def show(self): for y in range(8): self.cs(0) for m in range(self.num): self.spi.write(bytearray([_DIGIT0 + y, self.buffer[(y * self.num) + m]])) self.cs(1)` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "max7219", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-ota-update-pico2w", title: "OTA Update Pico2W", description: "OTA Update Pico2W on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "boot.py", content: `# boot.py - Runs automatically every time Pico starts import ota ota.check_and_update()` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import time from machine import Pin led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) while True: led.on() print("LED ON - Version 1.0.0") time.sleep(1) led.off() print("LED OFF - Version 1.0.0") time.sleep(1)` }, { name: "ota.py", content: `import network import urequests import time import machine # ---- FILL YOUR DETAILS HERE ---- SSID = "your_wifi_name" PASSWORD = "your_wifi_password" GITHUB_USER = "kritishmohapatra" GITHUB_REPO = "pico-ota-test" # -------------------------------- BASE_URL = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/main/" def connect_wifi(): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) if not wlan.isconnected(): print("Connecting to WiFi...") wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) timeout = 15 while not wlan.isconnected() and timeout > 0: time.sleep(1) timeout -= 1 if wlan.isconnected(): print("WiFi connected! IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0]) return True print("WiFi connection failed!") return False def get_local_version(): try: with open("local_version.txt", "r") as f: return f.read().strip() except: return "0.0.0" def get_remote_version(): try: r = urequests.get(BASE_URL + "version.txt") v = r.text.strip() r.close() return v except Exception as e: print("Version check failed:", e) return None def check_and_update(): if not connect_wifi(): return remote = get_remote_version() local = get_local_version() print(f"Local version: {local}") print(f"Remote version: {remote}") if remote and remote != local: print("New update found! Downloading...") try: r = urequests.get(BASE_URL + "main.py") with open("main.py", "w") as f: f.write(r.text) r.close() with open("local_version.txt", "w") as f: f.write(remote) print("Update done! Restarting...") time.sleep(2) machine.reset() except Exception as e: print("Update failed:", e) else: print("Already on latest version!")` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "ota", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-pir-motion-detector-using-raspberry-pi-pico-2w-and-micropython", title: "PIR Motion Detector using Raspberry Pi Pico 2W & MicroPython", description: "PIR Motion Detector using Raspberry Pi Pico 2W & MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin import time pir = Pin(16, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_DOWN) # PIR sensor pin led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) # Built-in LED print("PIR Motion Detector Started...") while True: if pir.value() == 1: print("Motion Detected!") led.value(1) time.sleep(1) else: print("No motion") led.value(0) time.sleep(0.2)` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w"], }, { id: "100d-password-lock-system-using-esp32", title: "Password Lock System using ESP32", description: "Password Lock System using ESP32 on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses I\u00b2C LCD. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "i2c_lcd.py", content: `# Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C. # This was tested with: https://www.wemos.cc/product/d1-mini.html # https://github.com/dhylands/python_lcd/blob/master/lcd/machine_i2c_lcd.py from lcd_api import LcdApi from time import sleep_ms # The PCF8574 has a jumper selectable address: 0x20 - 0x27 DEFAULT_I2C_ADDR = 0x27 # Defines shifts or masks for the various LCD line attached to the PCF8574 MASK_RS = 0x01 MASK_RW = 0x02 MASK_E = 0x04 SHIFT_BACKLIGHT = 3 SHIFT_DATA = 4 class I2cLcd(LcdApi): """Implements a HD44780 character LCD connected via PCF8574 on I2C.""" def __init__(self, i2c, i2c_addr, num_lines, num_columns): self.i2c = i2c self.i2c_addr = i2c_addr self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0])) sleep_ms(20) # Allow LCD time to powerup # Send reset 3 times self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(5) # need to delay at least 4.1 msec self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(1) self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION_RESET) sleep_ms(1) # Put LCD into 4 bit mode self.hal_write_init_nibble(self.LCD_FUNCTION) sleep_ms(1) LcdApi.__init__(self, num_lines, num_columns) cmd = self.LCD_FUNCTION if num_lines > 1: cmd |= self.LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES self.hal_write_command(cmd) def hal_write_init_nibble(self, nibble): """Writes an initialization nibble to the LCD. This particular function is only used during initialization. """ byte = ((nibble >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) def hal_backlight_on(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on.""" self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([1 << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT])) def hal_backlight_off(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off.""" self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([0])) def hal_write_command(self, cmd): """Writes a command to the LCD. Data is latched on the falling edge of E. """ byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((cmd >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) byte = ((self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((cmd & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) if cmd <= 3: # The home and clear commands require a worst case delay of 4.1 msec sleep_ms(5) def hal_write_data(self, data): """Write data to the LCD.""" byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | (((data >> 4) & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) byte = (MASK_RS | (self.backlight << SHIFT_BACKLIGHT) | ((data & 0x0f) << SHIFT_DATA)) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte | MASK_E])) self.i2c.writeto(self.i2c_addr, bytearray([byte])) ` }, { name: "lcd_api.py", content: `# Provides an API for talking to HD44780 compatible character LCDs. # https://github.com/dhylands/python_lcd/tree/master/lcd import time class LcdApi: """Implements the API for talking with HD44780 compatible character LCDs. This class only knows what commands to send to the LCD, and not how to get them to the LCD. It is expected that a derived class will implement the hal_xxx functions. """ # The following constant names were lifted from the avrlib lcd.h # header file, however, I changed the definitions from bit numbers # to bit masks. # # HD44780 LCD controller command set LCD_CLR = 0x01 # DB0: clear display LCD_HOME = 0x02 # DB1: return to home position LCD_ENTRY_MODE = 0x04 # DB2: set entry mode LCD_ENTRY_INC = 0x02 # --DB1: increment LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT = 0x01 # --DB0: shift LCD_ON_CTRL = 0x08 # DB3: turn lcd/cursor on LCD_ON_DISPLAY = 0x04 # --DB2: turn display on LCD_ON_CURSOR = 0x02 # --DB1: turn cursor on LCD_ON_BLINK = 0x01 # --DB0: blinking cursor LCD_MOVE = 0x10 # DB4: move cursor/display LCD_MOVE_DISP = 0x08 # --DB3: move display (0-> move cursor) LCD_MOVE_RIGHT = 0x04 # --DB2: move right (0-> left) LCD_FUNCTION = 0x20 # DB5: function set LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT = 0x10 # --DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode) LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES = 0x08 # --DB3: two lines (0->one line) LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS = 0x04 # --DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font) LCD_FUNCTION_RESET = 0x30 # See "Initializing by Instruction" section LCD_CGRAM = 0x40 # DB6: set CG RAM address LCD_DDRAM = 0x80 # DB7: set DD RAM address LCD_RS_CMD = 0 LCD_RS_DATA = 1 LCD_RW_WRITE = 0 LCD_RW_READ = 1 def __init__(self, num_lines, num_columns): self.num_lines = num_lines if self.num_lines > 4: self.num_lines = 4 self.num_columns = num_columns if self.num_columns > 40: self.num_columns = 40 self.cursor_x = 0 self.cursor_y = 0 self.implied_newline = False self.backlight = True self.display_off() self.backlight_on() self.clear() self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ENTRY_MODE | self.LCD_ENTRY_INC) self.hide_cursor() self.display_on() def clear(self): """Clears the LCD display and moves the cursor to the top left corner. """ self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CLR) self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_HOME) self.cursor_x = 0 self.cursor_y = 0 def show_cursor(self): """Causes the cursor to be made visible.""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY | self.LCD_ON_CURSOR) def hide_cursor(self): """Causes the cursor to be hidden.""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY) def blink_cursor_on(self): """Turns on the cursor, and makes it blink.""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY | self.LCD_ON_CURSOR | self.LCD_ON_BLINK) def blink_cursor_off(self): """Turns on the cursor, and makes it no blink (i.e. be solid).""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY | self.LCD_ON_CURSOR) def display_on(self): """Turns on (i.e. unblanks) the LCD.""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL | self.LCD_ON_DISPLAY) def display_off(self): """Turns off (i.e. blanks) the LCD.""" self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_ON_CTRL) def backlight_on(self): """Turns the backlight on. This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command. """ self.backlight = True self.hal_backlight_on() def backlight_off(self): """Turns the backlight off. This isn't really an LCD command, but some modules have backlight controls, so this allows the hal to pass through the command. """ self.backlight = False self.hal_backlight_off() def move_to(self, cursor_x, cursor_y): """Moves the cursor position to the indicated position. The cursor position is zero based (i.e. cursor_x == 0 indicates first column). """ self.cursor_x = cursor_x self.cursor_y = cursor_y addr = cursor_x & 0x3f if cursor_y & 1: addr += 0x40 # Lines 1 & 3 add 0x40 if cursor_y & 2: # Lines 2 & 3 add number of columns addr += self.num_columns self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_DDRAM | addr) def putchar(self, char): """Writes the indicated character to the LCD at the current cursor position, and advances the cursor by one position. """ if char == '\\n': if self.implied_newline: # self.implied_newline means we advanced due to a wraparound, # so if we get a newline right after that we ignore it. self.implied_newline = False else: self.cursor_x = self.num_columns else: self.hal_write_data(ord(char)) self.cursor_x += 1 if self.cursor_x >= self.num_columns: self.cursor_x = 0 self.cursor_y += 1 self.implied_newline = (char != '\\n') if self.cursor_y >= self.num_lines: self.cursor_y = 0 self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y) def putstr(self, string): """Write the indicated string to the LCD at the current cursor position and advances the cursor position appropriately. """ for char in string: self.putchar(char) def custom_char(self, location, charmap): """Write a character to one of the 8 CGRAM locations, available as chr(0) through chr(7). """ location &= 0x7 self.hal_write_command(self.LCD_CGRAM | (location << 3)) self.hal_sleep_us(40) for i in range(8): self.hal_write_data(charmap[i]) self.hal_sleep_us(40) self.move_to(self.cursor_x, self.cursor_y) def hal_backlight_on(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight on. If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function. """ pass def hal_backlight_off(self): """Allows the hal layer to turn the backlight off. If desired, a derived HAL class will implement this function. """ pass def hal_write_command(self, cmd): """Write a command to the LCD. It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function. """ raise NotImplementedError def hal_write_data(self, data): """Write data to the LCD. It is expected that a derived HAL class will implement this function. """ raise NotImplementedError # This is a default implementation of hal_sleep_us which is suitable # for most micropython implementations. For platforms which don't # support \`time.sleep_us()\` they should provide their own implementation # of hal_sleep_us in their hal layer and it will be used instead. def hal_sleep_us(self, usecs): """Sleep for some time (given in microseconds).""" time.sleep_us(usecs) # NOTE this is not part of Standard Python library, specific hal layers will need to override this ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, I2C from time import sleep from i2c_lcd import I2cLcd # LCD setup i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21), freq=400000) lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, 0x27, 2, 16) # LEDs green = Pin(5, Pin.OUT) red = Pin(4, Pin.OUT) # Password PASSWORD = "12ABC8" entered = "" # Keypad pins rows = [13,12,14,27] cols = [26,25,33,32] row_pins = [Pin(r, Pin.OUT) for r in rows] col_pins = [Pin(c, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_DOWN) for c in cols] keys = [ ['1','2','3','A'], ['4','5','6','B'], ['7','8','9','C'], ['*','0','#','D'] ] lcd.clear() lcd.putstr("Enter Password") def read_keypad(): for i, row in enumerate(row_pins): row.value(1) for j, col in enumerate(col_pins): if col.value(): row.value(0) sleep(0.3) return keys[i][j] row.value(0) return None while True: key = read_keypad() if key: if key == '#': lcd.clear() if entered == PASSWORD: lcd.putstr("Access Granted") green.on() sleep(2) green.off() else: lcd.putstr("Access Denied") red.on() sleep(2) red.off() entered = "" lcd.clear() lcd.putstr("Enter Password") elif key == '*': entered = "" lcd.clear() lcd.putstr("Cleared") sleep(1) lcd.clear() lcd.putstr("Enter Password") else: entered += key lcd.move_to(len(entered)-1, 1) lcd.putstr("*") ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-lcd1602-i2c", "id": "lock-lcd1", "x": 400, "y": 40, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-membrane-keypad", "id": "lock-pad1", "x": 420, "y": 200, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "lock-rl5", "x": 700, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "lock-led5", "x": 700, "y": 150, "properties": {"color": "green"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "lock-rl4", "x": 780, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "lock-led4", "x": 780, "y": 150, "properties": {"color": "red"}}], wires: [{"id": "lock-lcd-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lcd-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-lcd1", "pinName": "SCL"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "lock-r1", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "13"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R1"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r2", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "12"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R2"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r3", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R3"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-r4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "27"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "R4"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-c1", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "26"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C1"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c2", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "25"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C2"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c3", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "33"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C3"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-c4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "32"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-pad1", "pinName": "C4"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "lock-lp5", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-rl5", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lr5", "start": {"componentId": "lock-rl5", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-led5", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-lg5", "start": {"componentId": "lock-led5", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "lock-lp4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-rl4", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "lock-lr4", "start": {"componentId": "lock-rl4", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "lock-led4", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "lock-lg4", "start": {"componentId": "lock-led4", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "lcd", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-pico-2-w-dht11-http-csv-logger", title: "Pico 2 W Dht11 Http Csv Logger", description: "Pico 2 W Dht11 Http Csv Logger on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "app.py", content: `from flask import Flask, request import csv, os from datetime import datetime app = Flask(__name__) CSV_FILE = "data.csv" if not os.path.exists(CSV_FILE): with open(CSV_FILE, 'w', newline='') as f: csv.writer(f).writerow( ["time", "temperature", "humidity"] ) @app.route('/data', methods=['POST']) def data(): d = request.json print("Received:", d) with open(CSV_FILE, 'a', newline='') as f: csv.writer(f).writerow([ datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S"), d["temperature"], d["humidity"] ]) return "OK" app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import network, time, urequests import dht from machine import Pin ssid = "kritish" password = "pas" url = "http://ip:5000/data" # laptop IP sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(15)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("WiFi connected") while True: try: sensor.measure() temp = sensor.temperature() hum = sensor.humidity() except OSError as e: print("DHT read failed:", e) # keep the loop alive (sensor unplugged?) time.sleep(2) continue data = { "temperature": temp, "humidity": hum } try: r = urequests.post(url, json=data) r.close() print("Sent:", data) except Exception as e: print("Error:", e) time.sleep(5) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "plog-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "plog-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "plog-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "plog-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP15"}, "end": {"componentId": "plog-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "http_server", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-pico-w-async-led-control-micropython", title: "Pico W Async LED Control (MicroPython)", description: "Pico W Async LED Control (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import uasyncio as asyncio import network from machine import Pin SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "pass" led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) led.off() # ---------- Async WiFi Connect ---------- async def wifi_connect(): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting WiFi...") while not wlan.isconnected(): await asyncio.sleep(0.5) print("IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0]) # ---------- HTML ---------- HTML_PAGE = """ Pico Async LED

Pico W Async LED Control

Status: --

""" # ---------- Client Handler ---------- async def handle_client(reader, writer): request_line = await reader.readline() request = request_line.decode() # skip headers while await reader.readline() != b"\\r\\n": pass print("REQ:", request) if "GET /on" in request: led.on() body = "ON" content_type = "text/plain" elif "GET /off" in request: led.off() body = "OFF" content_type = "text/plain" else: body = HTML_PAGE content_type = "text/html" response = ( "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n" f"Content-Type: {content_type}\\r\\n" "Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n" + body ) writer.write(response.encode()) await writer.drain() await writer.wait_closed() # ---------- Main ---------- async def main(): await wifi_connect() server = await asyncio.start_server(handle_client, "0.0.0.0", 80) print("Server running on port 80") while True: await asyncio.sleep(1) asyncio.run(main()) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-pico-w-web-servo-controller", title: "Pico W Web Servo Controller", description: "Pico W Web Servo Controller on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OTA, Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import socket from machine import Pin, PWM import time # Import credentials from the separate secrets file ssid = "kritish" password = "password" # ====== WiFi Setup ====== print("Connecting to WiFi...") sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta.active(True) # Attempt to connect to the network try: sta.connect(ssid, password) except Exception as e: print(f"Connection error: {e}") timeout_counter = 0 while not sta.isconnected() and timeout_counter < 20: # Timeout after ~10 seconds time.sleep(0.5) print(".", end="") timeout_counter += 1 if sta.isconnected(): print("\\nConnected!") print("IP address:", sta.ifconfig()[0]) else: print("\\nConnection failed! Check credentials and signal.") raise OSError("WiFi connection failed.") # ====== Servo Setup (Pico W Specific) ====== SERVO_PIN = 15 # Ensure the servo is connected to GP15. servo = PWM(Pin(SERVO_PIN), freq=50) SERVO_FREQ = 50 SERVO_MIN_US = 500 # 0 degrees (0.5ms pulse width) SERVO_MAX_US = 2500 # 180 degrees (2.5ms pulse width) TOTAL_PERIOD_US = 1000000 / SERVO_FREQ # 20000 us (20ms) DUTY_SCALE = 65535 # Max value for Pico's duty_u16 method def write_servo(angle): """Sets the servo angle (0-180 degrees) by calculating the PWM duty_u16.""" angle = max(0, min(180, angle)) pulse_us = SERVO_MIN_US + (SERVO_MAX_US - SERVO_MIN_US) * (angle / 180) duty = int((pulse_us / TOTAL_PERIOD_US) * DUTY_SCALE) servo.duty_u16(duty) # ====== HTML Page (Vibrant Redesign) ====== def webpage(pos): """Generates the HTML page with a vibrant design and current servo position.""" html = f""" Pico W Servo

Servo Control

Current Angle:

{pos}°

Move and release the slider to update the servo position.

""" return html # ====== Web Server ====== s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) s.bind(('', 80)) s.listen(5) current_pos = 90 write_servo(current_pos) print("Web server started on port 80...") while True: try: conn, addr = s.accept() print("Client connected from:", addr) request = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') request_line = request.split('\\n')[0] print("Request line:", request_line) if "GET /?value=" in request_line: try: value_str = request_line.split("/?value=")[1].split(" ")[0] new_pos = int(value_str) if 0 <= new_pos <= 180: current_pos = new_pos write_servo(current_pos) print(f"Servo angle updated to: {current_pos}°") else: print(f"Error: Angle {new_pos} is out of the 0-180° range.") except (ValueError, IndexError): print("Error: Invalid angle value or malformed URL in request.") response = webpage(current_pos) conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n') conn.send('Content-Type: text/html\\r\\n') conn.send('Connection: close\\r\\n\\r\\n') conn.sendall(response.encode('utf-8')) conn.close() except OSError as e: print(f"Socket error: {e}") conn.close() except Exception as e: print(f"An unexpected error occurred in main loop: {e}") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "ota", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "servo", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-potentiometer-visualizer", title: "Potentiometer Visualizer", description: "Potentiometer Visualizer on ESP32 (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, ADC from time import sleep led_pins = [2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18] leds = [Pin(pin, Pin.OUT) for pin in led_pins] pot = ADC(Pin(34)) pot.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) while True: val = pot.read() level = min(10, round((val / 4095) * 10)) # Fixed for i in range(10): leds[i].value(1 if i < level else 0) on_leds = [led_pins[i] for i in range(level)] print(f"Analog Value: {val}, Level: {level}, LEDs ON: {on_leds}") sleep(0.2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-pulse-monitor", title: "Pulse Monitor", description: "Pulse Monitor on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses OLED. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "displays", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import ADC, Pin, I2C import ssd1306 import time # OLED setup # Velxio decodes the hardware I2C controller only (no bit-banged buses) i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21)) oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) # Sensor setup sensor = ADC(Pin(34)) sensor.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # BPM variables THRESHOLD = 2500 MIN_PEAK_INTERVAL = 300 last_peak_time = 0 peak_times = [] bpm = 0 # Graph buffer graph = [0] * 80 def draw_heart(x, y): oled.pixel(x+1, y, 1); oled.pixel(x+2, y, 1) oled.pixel(x+4, y, 1); oled.pixel(x+5, y, 1) oled.pixel(x, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+1, y+1, 1) oled.pixel(x+2, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+3, y+1, 1) oled.pixel(x+4, y+1, 1); oled.pixel(x+5, y+1, 1) oled.pixel(x+6, y+1, 1) oled.pixel(x+1, y+2, 1); oled.pixel(x+2, y+2, 1) oled.pixel(x+3, y+2, 1); oled.pixel(x+4, y+2, 1) oled.pixel(x+5, y+2, 1) oled.pixel(x+2, y+3, 1); oled.pixel(x+3, y+3, 1) oled.pixel(x+4, y+3, 1) oled.pixel(x+3, y+4, 1) while True: value = sensor.read() current_time = time.ticks_ms() # Peak detection if value > THRESHOLD: if time.ticks_diff(current_time, last_peak_time) > MIN_PEAK_INTERVAL: last_peak_time = current_time peak_times.append(current_time) if len(peak_times) > 10: peak_times.pop(0) if len(peak_times) >= 2: intervals = [time.ticks_diff(peak_times[i+1], peak_times[i]) for i in range(len(peak_times)-1)] avg_interval = sum(intervals) / len(intervals) bpm = int(60000 / avg_interval) # Update graph buffer graph_val = int((value / 4095) * 30) graph.pop(0) graph.append(graph_val) # Draw OLED oled.fill(0) # Draw waveform (top half) for i in range(len(graph) - 1): y1 = 32 - graph[i] y2 = 32 - graph[i+1] oled.line(i + 48, y1, i + 49, y2, 1) # Divider line oled.hline(0, 38, 128, 1) # Heart symbol + BPM (bottom half) draw_heart(4, 44) oled.text(": " + str(bpm) + " BPM", 14, 45) oled.show() time.sleep_ms(10) ` }, { name: "ssd1306.py", content: `# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces from micropython import const import framebuf # register definitions SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81) SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4) SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6) SET_DISP = const(0xAE) SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20) SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21) SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22) SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40) SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0) SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8) SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0) SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3) SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA) SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5) SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9) SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB) SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D) # Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc): self.width = width self.height = height self.external_vcc = external_vcc self.pages = self.height // 8 self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB) self.init_display() def init_display(self): for cmd in ( SET_DISP | 0x00, # off # address setting SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal # resolution and layout SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00, SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0 SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1, SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0 SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00, SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12, # timing and driving scheme SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80, SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1, SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc # display SET_CONTRAST, 0xFF, # maximum SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted # charge pump SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14, SET_DISP | 0x01, ): # on self.write_cmd(cmd) self.fill(0) self.show() def poweroff(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00) def poweron(self): self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01) def contrast(self, contrast): self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST) self.write_cmd(contrast) def invert(self, invert): self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1)) def show(self): x0 = 0 x1 = self.width - 1 if self.width == 64: # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32 x0 += 32 x1 += 32 self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR) self.write_cmd(x0) self.write_cmd(x1) self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR) self.write_cmd(0) self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1) self.write_data(self.buffer) class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False): self.i2c = i2c self.addr = addr self.temp = bytearray(2) self.write_list = [b"\\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1 super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0 self.temp[1] = cmd self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp) def write_data(self, buf): self.write_list[1] = buf self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list) class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306): def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False): self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024 dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0) res.init(res.OUT, value=0) cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1) self.spi = spi self.dc = dc self.res = res self.cs = cs import time self.res(1) time.sleep_ms(1) self.res(0) time.sleep_ms(10) self.res(1) super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc) def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(buf) self.cs(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-ssd1306", "id": "pulse-oled1", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {}}, {"type": "wokwi-heart-beat-sensor", "id": "pulse-hb1", "x": 440, "y": 260, "properties": {}}], wires: [{"id": "pulse-oled-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "3V3"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-sda", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "21"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "DATA"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "pulse-oled-scl", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "22"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-oled1", "pinName": "CLK"}, "color": "#ff8800"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "pulse-hb-out", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "34"}, "end": {"componentId": "pulse-hb1", "pinName": "OUT"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "i2c_oled", "micropython"], }, { id: "100d-rgb-color-mixer-using-potentiometers-esp32-plus-micropython", title: "RGB Color Mixer using Potentiometers (ESP32 + MicroPython)", description: "RGB Color Mixer using Potentiometers (ESP32 + MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `# ESP32 MicroPython - RGB controlled by 3 potentiometers (common-cathode example) from machine import ADC, Pin, PWM import time # PWM pins for RGB p_r = PWM(Pin(25), freq=1000) # R p_g = PWM(Pin(26), freq=1000) # G p_b = PWM(Pin(27), freq=1000) # B # ADC pins for pots a_r = ADC(Pin(36)) # Pot for R a_r.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) a_g = ADC(Pin(39)) a_g.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) a_b = ADC(Pin(34)) a_b.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Helper: map ADC (0-4095) to PWM duty (0-1023) def map_adc_to_duty(x): return int((x / 4095) * 1023) # If you have common-anode LED, set invert = True invert = False while True: # Read potentiometer values raw_r = a_r.read() raw_g = a_g.read() raw_b = a_b.read() # Map to PWM duty r = map_adc_to_duty(raw_r) g = map_adc_to_duty(raw_g) b = map_adc_to_duty(raw_b) if invert: r = 1023 - r g = 1023 - g b = 1023 - b # Apply PWM p_r.duty(r) p_g.duty(g) p_b.duty(b) # Print live values print("ADC R: {:4d} G: {:4d} B: {:4d} | PWM R: {:4d} G: {:4d} B: {:4d}".format( raw_r, raw_g, raw_b, r, g, b )) time.sleep_ms(200) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo"], }, { id: "100d-raspberry-pi-pico-2-w-thingsboard-iot", title: "Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W ThingsBoard IoT", description: "Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W ThingsBoard IoT on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, MQTT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import time import json import dht from machine import Pin from umqttsimple import MQTTClient # --- Configuration --- WIFI_SSID = "kritish" # WIFI_PASSWORD = "@pass" THINGSBOARD_HOST = "eu.thingsboard.cloud" ACCESS_TOKEN = "tokenn" # --- Hardware Setup --- # Using "LED" for Pico W onboard LED, or Pin(15) for an external LED led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT) sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(4)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) led_state = False # --- MQTT Callback (Handles Switch Commands) --- def on_message(topic, msg): global led_state print(f"\\n[RPC] Message received: {msg}") try: data = json.loads(msg) method = data.get("method") params = data.get("params") # Handling 'setState' from your ThingsBoard Switch if method == "setState": # This check ensures both boolean and string 'true' work if params is True or params == "true" or params == 1: led_state = True led.value(1) else: led_state = False led.value(0) print(f"Action: LED is now {'ON' if led_state else 'OFF'}") # Handling 'getState' to sync the dashboard switch elif method == "getState": request_id = topic.decode().split('/')[-1] client.publish(f"v1/devices/me/rpc/response/{request_id}", json.dumps(led_state)) print("Action: Synced state with Dashboard") except Exception as e: print(f"RPC Error: {e}") # --- Connection Functions --- def connect_wifi(): sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) sta_if.active(True) sta_if.connect(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD) print("Connecting to WiFi", end="") while not sta_if.isconnected(): print(".", end="") time.sleep(0.5) print(f"\\nConnected! IP: {sta_if.ifconfig()[0]}") def connect_mqtt(): client = MQTTClient("Pico_W_Cuttack", THINGSBOARD_HOST, user=ACCESS_TOKEN, password="") client.set_callback(on_message) client.connect() client.subscribe(b"v1/devices/me/rpc/request/+") print("Connected to ThingsBoard MQTT!") return client # --- Main Logic --- connect_wifi() client = connect_mqtt() last_telemetry = 0 print("System Ready. Waiting for commands...") while True: try: # Check for incoming RPC (Switch) messages client.check_msg() # Send Telemetry every 10 seconds (standard for cloud stability) if (time.time() - last_telemetry) > 10: sensor.measure() t = sensor.temperature() h = sensor.humidity() payload = json.dumps({ "temperature": t, "humidity": h, "ledStatus": led_state }) client.publish("v1/devices/me/telemetry", payload) print(f"Published: {payload}") last_telemetry = time.time() except Exception as e: print(f"Error in Loop: {e}") time.sleep(5) import machine machine.reset() ` }, { name: "umqttsimple.py", content: `try: import usocket as socket except: import socket import ustruct as struct from ubinascii import hexlify class MQTTException(Exception): pass class MQTTClient: def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0, ssl=False, ssl_params={}): if port == 0: port = 8883 if ssl else 1883 self.client_id = client_id self.sock = None self.server = server self.port = port self.ssl = ssl self.ssl_params = ssl_params self.pid = 0 self.cb = None self.user = user self.pswd = password self.keepalive = keepalive self.lw_topic = None self.lw_msg = None self.lw_qos = 0 self.lw_retain = False def _send_str(self, s): self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s))) self.sock.write(s) def _recv_len(self): n = 0 sh = 0 while 1: b = self.sock.read(1)[0] n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh if not b & 0x80: return n sh += 7 def set_callback(self, f): self.cb = f def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0): assert 0 <= qos <= 2 assert topic self.lw_topic = topic self.lw_msg = msg self.lw_qos = qos self.lw_retain = retain def connect(self, clean_session=True): self.sock = socket.socket() addr = socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1] self.sock.connect(addr) if self.ssl: import ussl self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params) premsg = bytearray(b"\\x10\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0") msg = bytearray(b"\\x04MQTT\\x04\\x02\\0\\0") sz = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id) msg[6] = clean_session << 1 if self.user is not None: sz += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd) msg[6] |= 0xC0 if self.keepalive: assert self.keepalive < 65536 msg[7] |= self.keepalive >> 8 msg[8] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF if self.lw_topic: sz += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg) msg[6] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3 msg[6] |= self.lw_retain << 5 i = 1 while sz > 0x7f: premsg[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80 sz >>= 7 i += 1 premsg[i] = sz self.sock.write(premsg, i + 2) self.sock.write(msg) #print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":")) self._send_str(self.client_id) if self.lw_topic: self._send_str(self.lw_topic) self._send_str(self.lw_msg) if self.user is not None: self._send_str(self.user) self._send_str(self.pswd) resp = self.sock.read(4) assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02 if resp[3] != 0: raise MQTTException(resp[3]) return resp[2] & 1 def disconnect(self): self.sock.write(b"\\xe0\\0") self.sock.close() def ping(self): self.sock.write(b"\\xc0\\0") def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0): pkt = bytearray(b"\\x30\\0\\0\\0") pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg) if qos > 0: sz += 2 assert sz < 2097152 i = 1 while sz > 0x7f: pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80 sz >>= 7 i += 1 pkt[i] = sz #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":")) self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1) self._send_str(topic) if qos > 0: self.pid += 1 pid = self.pid struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid) self.sock.write(pkt, 2) self.sock.write(msg) if qos == 1: while 1: op = self.wait_msg() if op == 0x40: sz = self.sock.read(1) assert sz == b"\\x02" rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2) rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1] if pid == rcv_pid: return elif qos == 2: assert 0 def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0): assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set" pkt = bytearray(b"\\x82\\0\\0\\0") self.pid += 1 struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid) #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":")) self.sock.write(pkt) self._send_str(topic) self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little")) while 1: op = self.wait_msg() if op == 0x90: resp = self.sock.read(4) #print(resp) assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3] if resp[3] == 0x80: raise MQTTException(resp[3]) return # Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it. # Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously # set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT # messages processed internally. def wait_msg(self): res = self.sock.read(1) self.sock.setblocking(True) if res is None: return None if res == b"": raise OSError(-1) if res == b"\\xd0": # PINGRESP sz = self.sock.read(1)[0] assert sz == 0 return None op = res[0] if op & 0xf0 != 0x30: return op sz = self._recv_len() topic_len = self.sock.read(2) topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1] topic = self.sock.read(topic_len) sz -= topic_len + 2 if op & 6: pid = self.sock.read(2) pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1] sz -= 2 msg = self.sock.read(sz) self.cb(topic, msg) if op & 6 == 2: pkt = bytearray(b"\\x40\\x02\\0\\0") struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid) self.sock.write(pkt) elif op & 6 == 4: assert 0 # Checks whether a pending message from server is available. # If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does # the same processing as wait_msg. def check_msg(self): self.sock.setblocking(False) return self.wait_msg() ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "tb-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "tb-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "tb-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "tb-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GP4"}, "end": {"componentId": "tb-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "micropython", "mqtt", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-servo-motor-control-with-raspberry-pi-pico-2-w-micropython", title: "Servo Motor Control with Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W (MicroPython)", description: "Servo Motor Control with Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin, PWM import time servo = PWM(Pin(15)) servo.freq(50) print("=== Servo Angle Control (Safe Mode) ===") def set_angle(angle): # Clamp angles to safe mechanical range if angle < 20: angle = 20 elif angle > 170: angle = 170 min_duty = 1200 # calibrated max_duty = 8800 duty = int(min_duty + (angle / 180) * (max_duty - min_duty)) servo.duty_u16(duty) print("Requested Angle:", angle) print("Applied Duty:", duty) while True: try: angle = int(input("\\nEnter angle (0-180): ")) set_angle(angle) except ValueError: print("❌ Enter a valid number") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "servo"], }, { id: "100d-single-digit-seven-segment-display-with-raspberry-pi-pico-micropython", title: "Single Digit Seven Segment Display with Raspberry Pi-Pico (MicroPython)", description: "Single Digit Seven Segment Display with Raspberry Pi-Pico (MicroPython) on Raspberry Pi Pico (MicroPython). From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "basics", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "raspberry-pi-pico", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `from machine import Pin # Import Pin class to control GPIO pins # ---------------------------- # Define 7-segment display pins # Each pin corresponds to one segment: a, b, c, d, e, f, g # Adjust wiring as per your circuit # ---------------------------- led_a = Pin(2, Pin.OUT) led_b = Pin(3, Pin.OUT) led_c = Pin(6, Pin.OUT) led_d = Pin(5, Pin.OUT) led_e = Pin(4, Pin.OUT) led_f = Pin(1, Pin.OUT) led_g = Pin(0, Pin.OUT) # ---------------------------- # Functions for digits 0-9 # Each function turns ON/OFF segments to display the correct number # ---------------------------- def value_one(): led_a.value(0) led_b.value(0) led_c.value(0) led_d.value(0) led_e.value(1) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(0) def value_two(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(0) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(1) led_f.value(0) led_g.value(1) def value_three(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(0) led_f.value(0) led_g.value(1) def value_four(): led_a.value(0) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(0) led_e.value(0) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(1) def value_five(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(0) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(0) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(1) def value_six(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(0) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(1) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(1) def value_seven(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(0) led_e.value(0) led_f.value(0) led_g.value(0) def value_eight(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(1) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(1) def value_nine(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(0) led_e.value(0) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(1) def value_zero(): led_a.value(1) led_b.value(1) led_c.value(1) led_d.value(1) led_e.value(1) led_f.value(1) led_g.value(0) # ---------------------------- # Main Loop # User enters a digit (0-9) via input # That digit is displayed on the 7-segment # ---------------------------- while True: k = int(input("Enter a number (0-9): ")) if k == 0: value_zero() elif k == 1: value_one() elif k == 2: value_two() elif k == 3: value_three() elif k == 4: value_four() elif k == 5: value_five() elif k == 6: value_six() elif k == 7: value_seven() elif k == 8: value_eight() elif k == 9: value_nine() else: print("Please Enter a value between 0-9 and one digit") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "raspberry-pi-pico", "rp2040"], }, { id: "100d-smart-home-automation-system", title: "Smart Home Automation System", description: "Smart Home Automation System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Blynk, Blynk Cloud, DHT, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "BlynkLib.py", content: `# Copyright (c) 2015-2019 Volodymyr Shymanskyy. See the file LICENSE for copying permission. __version__ = "1.0.0" import struct import time import sys import os try: import machine gettime = lambda: time.ticks_ms() SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0 except ImportError: const = lambda x: x gettime = lambda: int(time.time() * 1000) SOCK_TIMEOUT = 0.05 def dummy(*args): pass MSG_RSP = const(0) MSG_LOGIN = const(2) MSG_PING = const(6) MSG_TWEET = const(12) MSG_NOTIFY = const(14) MSG_BRIDGE = const(15) MSG_HW_SYNC = const(16) MSG_INTERNAL = const(17) MSG_PROPERTY = const(19) MSG_HW = const(20) MSG_HW_LOGIN = const(29) MSG_EVENT_LOG = const(64) MSG_REDIRECT = const(41) # TODO: not implemented MSG_DBG_PRINT = const(55) # TODO: not implemented STA_SUCCESS = const(200) STA_INVALID_TOKEN = const(9) DISCONNECTED = const(0) CONNECTING = const(1) CONNECTED = const(2) print(""" ___ __ __ / _ )/ /_ _____ / /__ / _ / / // / _ \\\\/ '_/ /____/_/\\\\_, /_//_/_/\\\\_\\\\ /___/ for Python v""" + __version__ + " (" + sys.platform + ")\\n") class EventEmitter: def __init__(self): self._cbks = {} def on(self, evt, f=None): if f: self._cbks[evt] = f else: def D(f): self._cbks[evt] = f return f return D def emit(self, evt, *a, **kv): if evt in self._cbks: self._cbks[evt](*a, **kv) class BlynkProtocol(EventEmitter): def __init__(self, auth, tmpl_id=None, fw_ver=None, heartbeat=50, buffin=1024, log=None): EventEmitter.__init__(self) self.heartbeat = heartbeat*1000 self.buffin = buffin self.log = log or dummy self.auth = auth self.tmpl_id = tmpl_id self.fw_ver = fw_ver self.state = DISCONNECTED self.connect() def virtual_write(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_HW, 'vw', pin, *val) def send_internal(self, pin, *val): self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, pin, *val) def set_property(self, pin, prop, *val): self._send(MSG_PROPERTY, pin, prop, *val) def sync_virtual(self, *pins): self._send(MSG_HW_SYNC, 'vr', *pins) def log_event(self, *val): self._send(MSG_EVENT_LOG, *val) def _send(self, cmd, *args, **kwargs): if 'id' in kwargs: id = kwargs.get('id') else: id = self.msg_id self.msg_id += 1 if self.msg_id > 0xFFFF: self.msg_id = 1 if cmd == MSG_RSP: data = b'' dlen = args[0] else: data = ('\\0'.join(map(str, args))).encode('utf8') dlen = len(data) self.log('<', cmd, id, '|', *args) msg = struct.pack("!BHH", cmd, id, dlen) + data self.lastSend = gettime() self._write(msg) def connect(self): if self.state != DISCONNECTED: return self.msg_id = 1 (self.lastRecv, self.lastSend, self.lastPing) = (gettime(), 0, 0) self.bin = b"" self.state = CONNECTING self._send(MSG_HW_LOGIN, self.auth) def disconnect(self): if self.state == DISCONNECTED: return self.bin = b"" self.state = DISCONNECTED self.emit('disconnected') def process(self, data=None): if not (self.state == CONNECTING or self.state == CONNECTED): return now = gettime() if now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat+(self.heartbeat//2): return self.disconnect() if (now - self.lastPing > self.heartbeat//10 and (now - self.lastSend > self.heartbeat or now - self.lastRecv > self.heartbeat)): self._send(MSG_PING) self.lastPing = now if data != None and len(data): self.bin += data while True: if len(self.bin) < 5: break cmd, i, dlen = struct.unpack("!BHH", self.bin[:5]) if i == 0: return self.disconnect() self.lastRecv = now if cmd == MSG_RSP: self.bin = self.bin[5:] self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', dlen) if self.state == CONNECTING and i == 1: if dlen == STA_SUCCESS: self.state = CONNECTED dt = now - self.lastSend info = ['ver', __version__, 'h-beat', self.heartbeat//1000, 'buff-in', self.buffin, 'dev', sys.platform+'-py'] if self.tmpl_id: info.extend(['tmpl', self.tmpl_id]) info.extend(['fw-type', self.tmpl_id]) if self.fw_ver: info.extend(['fw', self.fw_ver]) self._send(MSG_INTERNAL, *info) try: self.emit('connected', ping=dt) except TypeError: self.emit('connected') else: if dlen == STA_INVALID_TOKEN: self.emit("invalid_auth") print("Invalid auth token") return self.disconnect() else: if dlen >= self.buffin: print("Cmd too big: ", dlen) return self.disconnect() if len(self.bin) < 5+dlen: break data = self.bin[5:5+dlen] self.bin = self.bin[5+dlen:] args = list(map(lambda x: x.decode('utf8'), data.split(b'\\0'))) self.log('>', cmd, i, '|', ','.join(args)) if cmd == MSG_PING: self._send(MSG_RSP, STA_SUCCESS, id=i) elif cmd == MSG_HW or cmd == MSG_BRIDGE: if args[0] == 'vw': self.emit("V"+args[1], args[2:]) self.emit("V*", args[1], args[2:]) elif cmd == MSG_INTERNAL: self.emit("internal:"+args[0], args[1:]) elif cmd == MSG_REDIRECT: self.emit("redirect", args[0], int(args[1])) else: print("Unexpected command: ", cmd) return self.disconnect() import socket class Blynk(BlynkProtocol): def __init__(self, auth, **kwargs): self.insecure = kwargs.pop('insecure', False) self.server = kwargs.pop('server', 'blynk.cloud') self.port = kwargs.pop('port', 80 if self.insecure else 443) BlynkProtocol.__init__(self, auth, **kwargs) self.on('redirect', self.redirect) def redirect(self, server, port): self.server = server self.port = port self.disconnect() self.connect() def connect(self): print('Connecting to %s:%d...' % (self.server, self.port)) s = socket.socket() # Velxio patch: bound the blocking connect so an unreachable cloud # raises OSError instead of freezing the sketch forever. s.settimeout(10) s.connect(socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]) try: s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) except: pass if self.insecure: self.conn = s else: try: import ussl ssl_context = ussl except ImportError: import ssl ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context() self.conn = ssl_context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname=self.server) try: self.conn.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) except: s.settimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT) BlynkProtocol.connect(self) def _write(self, data): #print('<', data) self.conn.write(data) # TODO: handle disconnect def run(self): data = b'' try: data = self.conn.read(self.buffin) #print('>', data) except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except socket.timeout: # No data received, call process to send ping messages when needed pass except: # TODO: handle disconnect return self.process(data) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `'''Copyright (c) 2026 Kritish Mohapatra''' import network # Library for network functionalities (Wi-Fi) from machine import Pin # Library for controlling GPIO pins import BlynkLib # Library for Blynk IoT platform communication from time import sleep # Library for time delays import dht # Library for DHT11 sensor communication # Wi-Fi Credentials (replace with your own) wifissid = "abcdef" # Your Wi-Fi SSID wifipass = "@9090" # Your Wi-Fi password # Blynk Authorization Token (replace with your Blynk app's token) auth = "pottiIr9atOFmbvwsqTp7lTrYtje" # LED Pin Configuration # Connect to Wi-Fi sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #Create a Wi-Fi station interface object sta_if.active(True) # Activate the Wi-Fi interface sta_if.connect(wifissid, wifipass) # Connect to the Wi-Fi network while not sta_if.isconnected(): # Wait until connected to Wi-Fi sleep(0.1) print("Connected to Wi-Fi:", sta_if.ifconfig()) # Print the Wi-Fi connection details # Initialize Blynk Connection # ── Velxio adaptation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # The vendored BlynkLib bounds its connect() with a timeout (Velxio patch), # so an unreachable cloud raises OSError here instead of freezing the demo; # fall back to an offline no-op Blynk object in that case. class _OfflineBlynk: def on(self, *_a, **_k): def _deco(f): return f return _deco def run(self): pass def virtual_write(self, *_a): pass try: blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(auth, insecure=True) except OSError as e: print("Blynk Cloud unreachable, running offline:", e) blynk = _OfflineBlynk() # Create LED Object led1=Pin(16, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 1 on pin 16 (D0), set as output led2=Pin(5, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 2 on pin 5 (D1), set as output led3=Pin(4, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 3 on pin 4 (D2), set as output led4=Pin(0, Pin.OUT) # Initialize LED 4 on pin 0 (D3), set as output sensor=dht.DHT22(Pin(14)) # DHT on pin 14 — Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) led1.value(1) # Turn off LED 1 initially (active low) led2.value(1) # Turn off LED 2 initially (active low) led3.value(1) # Turn off LED 3 initially (active low) led4.value(1) # Turn off LED 4 initially (active low) # Virtual Pin V1 Handler (LED 1 control) @blynk.on("V1") def v0_handler(value): # Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors) try: led1.value(not int(value[0])) # Toggle LED 1 based on Blynk button state except ValueError: print("Invalid value received:", value) return @blynk.on("V2") def v2_handler(value): # Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors) try: led2.value(not int(value[0])) except ValueError: print("Invalid value received:", value) return @blynk.on("V3") def v3_handler(value): # Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors) try: led3.value(not int(value[0])) except ValueError: print("Invalid value received:", value) return @blynk.on("V4") def v4_handler(value): # Convert string value to integer (handle potential errors) try: led4.value(not int(value[0])) except ValueError: print("Invalid value received:", value) return @blynk.on("V5") # Create Blynk gauge widget def write_value(pin, value): # This function is not used for input, but required by blynk on decorator pass # Main Loop (run Blynk processes) while True: blynk.run() # Run Blynk processes (handle incoming and outgoing data) try: sensor.measure() # Measure temperature and humidity temperature = sensor.temperature() # Get the temperature value print("Temp:", temperature, "C") blynk.virtual_write(5, temperature) # Send temperature to Blynk virtual pin V5 except OSError as e: print("DHT read failed:", e) # keep the loop alive (sensor unplugged?) sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "home-dht1", "x": 460, "y": 320, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r16", "x": 420, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led16", "x": 420, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "red"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r5", "x": 510, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led5", "x": 510, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "green"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r4", "x": 600, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led4", "x": 600, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "blue"}}, {"type": "wokwi-resistor", "id": "home-r0", "x": 690, "y": 60, "properties": {"value": "220"}}, {"type": "wokwi-led", "id": "home-led0", "x": 690, "y": 160, "properties": {"color": "yellow"}}], wires: [{"id": "home-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "home-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "14"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}, {"id": "home-vcc16", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r16", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra16", "start": {"componentId": "home-r16", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led16", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin16", "start": {"componentId": "home-led16", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "16"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc5", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r5", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra5", "start": {"componentId": "home-r5", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led5", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin5", "start": {"componentId": "home-led5", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "5"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc4", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r4", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra4", "start": {"componentId": "home-r4", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led4", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin4", "start": {"componentId": "home-led4", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "color": "#22aaff"}, {"id": "home-vcc0", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-r0", "pinName": "1"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "home-ra0", "start": {"componentId": "home-r0", "pinName": "2"}, "end": {"componentId": "home-led0", "pinName": "A"}, "color": "#cc44cc"}, {"id": "home-cpin0", "start": {"componentId": "home-led0", "pinName": "C"}, "end": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "0"}, "color": "#22aaff"}], tags: ["100-days", "blynk", "blynk_cloud", "dht", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-smart-indoor-security-system", title: "Smart Indoor Security System", description: "Smart Indoor Security System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import machine, utime, network, urequests, ujson # ─── Favoriot Credentials ─────────────────────── API_KEY = '..' USERNAME = '' DEVICE_ID = 'SmartSecurityr'+USERNAME URL = 'https://apiv2.favoriot.com/v2/streams' #import machine, utime, network, urequests, ujson # ─── WiFi Credentials ─────────────────────────── SSID = 'Wokwi-GUEST' PASSWORD = '' # ─── Pin Setup ────────────────────────────────── pir = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.IN) ROW_PINS = [19, 18, 5, 17] COL_PINS = [16, 4, 2, 15] KEYS = [ ['1','2','3','A'], ['4','5','6','B'], ['7','8','9','C'], ['*','0','#','D'] ] rows = [machine.Pin(p, machine.Pin.OUT) for p in ROW_PINS] cols = [machine.Pin(p, machine.Pin.IN, machine.Pin.PULL_DOWN) for p in COL_PINS] # ─── Settings ─────────────────────────────────── CORRECT_PASSWORD = '1234' TIMEOUT_MS = 30000 # ─── WiFi Connect ─────────────────────────────── def connect_wifi(): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print('Connecting to WiFi', end='') for _ in range(20): if wlan.isconnected(): break print('.', end='') utime.sleep(0.5) if wlan.isconnected(): print(' Connected! IP:', wlan.ifconfig()[0]) else: print(' WiFi Failed - running without Favoriot') # ─── Keypad ───────────────────────────────────── def get_key(): for r, row in enumerate(rows): row.value(1) for c, col in enumerate(cols): if col.value() == 1: row.value(0) # Wait for button release while col.value() == 1: utime.sleep_ms(10) utime.sleep_ms(50) return KEYS[r][c] row.value(0) return None # ─── Favoriot ─────────────────────────────────── def send_to_favoriot(event, status, access): print('>>> FAVORIOT | event:', event, '| status:', status, '| access:', access) wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) if not wlan.isconnected(): print('No WiFi - skipping Favoriot') return try: headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'apikey': API_KEY, 'username': USERNAME } body = ujson.dumps({ 'device_developer_id': DEVICE_ID, 'data': { 'event': event, 'status': status, 'access': str(access) } }) r = urequests.post(URL, headers=headers, data=body) print('Favoriot Response:', r.status_code) r.close() except Exception as e: print('Favoriot Error:', e) # ─── Main ─────────────────────────────────────── connect_wifi() print('System Ready - Waiting for motion...') while True: if pir.value() == 1: print('Motion Detected!') send_to_favoriot('MOTION_DETECTED', 'WAITING', 0) entered = '' start = utime.ticks_ms() while utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_ms(), start) < TIMEOUT_MS: key = get_key() if key: if key == '#': if entered == CORRECT_PASSWORD: print('Access Granted!') send_to_favoriot('ACCESS_GRANTED', 'SAFE', 1) else: print('Wrong Password!') send_to_favoriot('WRONG_PASSWORD', 'ALARM', 0) break elif key == '*': entered = '' print('Cleared') else: entered += key print('*', end='') else: print('Timeout - Alarm!') send_to_favoriot('TIMEOUT_ALARM', 'ALARM', 0) utime.sleep_ms(100)` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-smart-iot-gas-monitoring-system", title: "Smart IoT Gas Monitoring System", description: "Smart IoT Gas Monitoring System on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses DHT, HTTP server, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "analyze.py", content: `import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Read CSV df = pd.read_csv( "data.csv", header=None, names=["time", "gas", "temp", "humidity", "soil"] ) df["time"] = pd.to_datetime(df["time"]) sensors = [ ("gas", "Gas Sensor"), ("temp", "Temperature"), ("soil", "Soil Moisture") ] fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(12, 8), sharex=True) for ax, (col, title) in zip(axes, sensors): mean = df[col].mean() std = df[col].std() threshold = mean + 2 * std alert = df[col] > threshold print(f"\\n{title}") print("Mean:", mean) print("Std :", std) print("Alerts:", alert.sum()) ax.plot(df["time"], df[col], label=col) ax.scatter( df[alert]["time"], df[alert][col], label="ALERT" ) ax.axhline(threshold, linestyle="--", label="Threshold") ax.set_ylabel(col) ax.set_title(title) ax.legend() axes[-1].set_xlabel("Time") plt.suptitle("IoT Sensor Analytics Dashboard", fontsize=14) plt.tight_layout() plt.show() ` }, { name: "app.py", content: `# from flask import Flask, request # import csv # from datetime import datetime # app = Flask(__name__) # @app.route("/") # def home(): # return "Flask server running OK" # @app.route("/data", methods=["POST"]) # def receive(): # data = request.json # with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as f: # writer = csv.writer(f) # writer.writerow([ # datetime.now(), # data["gas"], # data["temp"], # data["humidity"], # data["soil"] # ]) # return {"status": "ok"} # app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True) # -------------------- IMPORTS -------------------- # Flask framework for building web server # request -> to receive JSON data from ESP32 # render_template -> to serve HTML dashboard # jsonify -> to send JSON response to frontend from flask import Flask, request, render_template, jsonify # CSV module to store sensor data logs import csv # datetime module to store timestamp from datetime import datetime # -------------------- FLASK APP INITIALIZATION -------------------- app = Flask(__name__) # -------------------- LIVE DATA STORAGE -------------------- # This dictionary stores the latest sensor readings # It is used by the dashboard and live graphs latest_data = { "gas": 0, "temp": 0, "humidity": 0, "soil": 0, "status": "SAFE" } # -------------------- AI MEMORY (HISTORY BUFFER) -------------------- # List to store recent gas sensor values gas_history = [] # Number of past readings used for moving average WINDOW_SIZE = 10 # Sensitivity margin for anomaly detection # If gas > average + margin → DANGER GAS_MARGIN = 300 # -------------------- DASHBOARD ROUTE -------------------- # Loads the main dashboard page @app.route("/") def dashboard(): return render_template("index.html", data=latest_data) # -------------------- ESP32 DATA RECEIVER -------------------- # ESP32 sends sensor data to this route using POST request @app.route("/data", methods=["POST"]) def receive(): global latest_data, gas_history # Read JSON data sent by ESP32 data = request.json # Extract sensor values (default = 0 if missing) gas = data.get("gas", 0) temp = data.get("temp", 0) humidity = data.get("humidity", 0) soil = data.get("soil", 0) # ---------------- AI LOGIC (Moving Average Based Detection) ---------------- # Store current gas value in history gas_history.append(gas) # Keep only the last WINDOW_SIZE readings if len(gas_history) > WINDOW_SIZE: gas_history.pop(0) # Calculate average gas level avg_gas = sum(gas_history) / len(gas_history) # Detect abnormal gas rise # Sudden spike beyond threshold is marked as DANGER status = "DANGER" if gas > avg_gas + GAS_MARGIN else "SAFE" # Update latest data dictionary latest_data = { "gas": gas, "temp": temp, "humidity": humidity, "soil": soil, "status": status } # ---------------- CSV DATA LOGGING ---------------- # Store all readings in CSV file for analysis with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow([ datetime.now(), # Timestamp gas, temp, humidity, soil, status ]) # Send acknowledgment to ESP32 return {"status": "ok"} # -------------------- LIVE DATA API -------------------- # Frontend uses this route to fetch live data for graphs @app.route("/latest") def latest(): return jsonify(latest_data) # -------------------- RUN FLASK SERVER -------------------- if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=True) ` }, { name: "main.py", content: `import network, urequests, time, dht from machine import ADC, Pin ssid = "kritish" password = "@Krrs2069" # MQ-2 mq2 = ADC(Pin(34)) mq2.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # Soil soil = ADC(Pin(35)) soil.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB) # DHT d = dht.DHT22(Pin(4)) # Velxio emulates the DHT22 waveform (use DHT11 on real hw) # WiFi wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) t = 0 while not wlan.isconnected() and t < 10: time.sleep(1) t += 1 if not wlan.isconnected(): print("WiFi Failed") raise SystemExit print("ESP IP:", wlan.ifconfig()) url = "http://10.201.102.81:5000/data" while True: try: d.measure() temp = d.temperature() hum = d.humidity() except: temp, hum = None, None gas = mq2.read() soil_val = soil.read() payload = { "gas": gas, "temp": temp, "humidity": hum, "soil": soil_val } try: r = urequests.post(url, json=payload) print(payload, "->", r.text) r.close() del r except Exception as e: print("Failed", e) time.sleep(3) ` }, ], code: '', components: [{"type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "gas-dht1", "x": 440, "y": 200, "properties": {"temperature": "28", "humidity": "65"}}], wires: [{"id": "gas-dht-vcc", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "3V3"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "VCC"}, "color": "#ff4444"}, {"id": "gas-dht-gnd", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "GND"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "GND"}, "color": "#000000"}, {"id": "gas-dht-data", "start": {"componentId": "arduino-uno", "pinName": "4"}, "end": {"componentId": "gas-dht1", "pinName": "SDA"}, "color": "#22cc66"}], tags: ["100-days", "dht", "esp32", "http_server", "micropython", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-stepper-motor-control-using-esp32-and-a4988-micropython", title: "Stepper Motor Control using ESP32 & A4988 (MicroPython)", description: "Stepper Motor Control using ESP32 & A4988 (MicroPython) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Stepper. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import time import machine # A4988 pins dir_pin = machine.Pin(12, machine.Pin.OUT) step_pin = machine.Pin(14, machine.Pin.OUT) def move_stepper(direction, steps, delay_us): print("Direction:", "CW" if direction else "CCW") dir_pin.value(direction) steps = abs(steps) for i in range(steps): step_pin.value(1) time.sleep_us(delay_us) step_pin.value(0) time.sleep_us(delay_us) print("Moved", steps, "steps") def stop_stepper(): step_pin.value(0) print("Stepper stopped") print("Stepper motor program started") while True: move_stepper(1, 200, 2000) # Clockwise time.sleep(2) move_stepper(0, 200, 2000) # Anti-clockwise time.sleep(2) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "stepper"], }, { id: "100d-temperature-based-led-indicator-micropython-esp32", title: "Temperature Based LED Indicator (MicroPython ESP32)", description: "Temperature Based LED Indicator (MicroPython ESP32) on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Servo, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import socket from machine import Pin, PWM from time import sleep_ms # -------- WiFi -------- ssid = "kritish" password = "pass" wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(ssid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): pass print("Open:", wlan.ifconfig()[0]) # -------- Motor -------- ENA = PWM(Pin(13), freq=1000) IN1 = Pin(12, Pin.OUT) IN2 = Pin(14, Pin.OUT) IN1.on() IN2.off() ENA.duty(0) def set_motor(speed): speed = int(speed) if speed <= 0: ENA.duty(0) return # kick start for 6V + L298N ENA.duty(1023) sleep_ms(150) ENA.duty(speed) # -------- HTML -------- html = """

ESP32 DC Motor Control

Speed: 0

""" # -------- Server -------- addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1] s = socket.socket() s.bind(addr) s.listen(1) print("Server running") while True: cl, addr = s.accept() req = cl.recv(1024).decode() if "/set?speed=" in req: try: part = req.split("/set?speed=")[1] spd = part.split(" ")[0] set_motor(spd) print("Speed set:", spd) except: pass cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\nOK") cl.close() continue cl.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n") cl.send(html) cl.close() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "servo", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-ultrasonic-led-distance-indicator-esp32-micropython", title: "Ultrasonic LED Distance Indicator ESP32 MicroPython", description: "Ultrasonic LED Distance Indicator ESP32 MicroPython on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses HC-SR04. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "sensors", difficulty: "beginner", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "hcsr04.py", content: `import machine, time from machine import Pin __version__ = '0.2.0' __author__ = 'Roberto Sánchez' __license__ = "Apache License 2.0. https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" class HCSR04: """ Driver to use the untrasonic sensor HC-SR04. The sensor range is between 2cm and 4m. The timeouts received listening to echo pin are converted to OSError('Out of range') """ # echo_timeout_us is based in chip range limit (400cm) def __init__(self, trigger_pin, echo_pin, echo_timeout_us=500*2*30): """ trigger_pin: Output pin to send pulses echo_pin: Readonly pin to measure the distance. The pin should be protected with 1k resistor echo_timeout_us: Timeout in microseconds to listen to echo pin. By default is based in sensor limit range (4m) """ self.echo_timeout_us = echo_timeout_us # Init trigger pin (out) self.trigger = Pin(trigger_pin, mode=Pin.OUT, pull=None) self.trigger.value(0) # Init echo pin (in) self.echo = Pin(echo_pin, mode=Pin.IN, pull=None) def _send_pulse_and_wait(self): """ Send the pulse to trigger and listen on echo pin. We use the method \`machine.time_pulse_us()\` to get the microseconds until the echo is received. """ self.trigger.value(0) # Stabilize the sensor time.sleep_us(5) self.trigger.value(1) # Send a 10us pulse. time.sleep_us(10) self.trigger.value(0) try: pulse_time = machine.time_pulse_us(self.echo, 1, self.echo_timeout_us) return pulse_time except OSError as ex: if ex.args[0] == 110: # 110 = ETIMEDOUT raise OSError('Out of range') raise ex def distance_mm(self): """ Get the distance in milimeters without floating point operations. """ pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait() # To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2 # (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue # the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to # 0.34320 mm/us that is 1mm each 2.91us # pulse_time // 2 // 2.91 -> pulse_time // 5.82 -> pulse_time * 100 // 582 mm = pulse_time * 100 // 582 return mm def distance_cm(self): """ Get the distance in centimeters with floating point operations. It returns a float """ pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait() # To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2 # (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue # the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to # 0.034320 cm/us that is 1cm each 29.1us cms = (pulse_time / 2) / 29.1 return cms` }, { name: "main.py", content: `from hcsr04 import HCSR04 from machine import Pin from time import sleep # LED setup green_led = Pin(12, Pin.OUT) red_led = Pin(13, Pin.OUT) THRESHOLD = 20 # cm # ESP32 sensor = HCSR04(trigger_pin=5, echo_pin=18, echo_timeout_us=10000) while True: distance = sensor.distance_cm() print('Distance:', distance, 'cm') if distance > THRESHOLD: green_led.on() red_led.off() else: green_led.off() red_led.on() sleep(1) ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "ultrasonic"], }, { id: "100d-websocket-led-control-using-raspberry-pi-pico-w", title: "WebSocket LED Control using Raspberry Pi Pico W", description: "WebSocket LED Control using Raspberry Pi Pico W on Raspberry Pi Pico W (MicroPython) \u2014 uses WebSocket, Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "communication", difficulty: "advanced", boardType: "pi-pico-w", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import socket import network import time from machine import Pin import ubinascii import uhashlib # LED Setup led = Pin(15, Pin.OUT) led.value(0) # WiFi Configuration SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "pass" def websocket_accept(key): GUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11" sha1 = uhashlib.sha1((key + GUID).encode()).digest() return ubinascii.b2a_base64(sha1).strip().decode() def ws_decode(data): if len(data) < 6: return "" payload_len = data[1] & 127 mask = data[2:6] payload = data[6:6 + payload_len] decoded = bytearray() for i in range(len(payload)): decoded.append(payload[i] ^ mask[i % 4]) return decoded.decode() # Connect to WiFi wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) wlan.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting to WiFi...") while not wlan.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print("Connected! Pico IP:", wlan.ifconfig()[0]) # Start Server server = socket.socket() server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) server.bind(("0.0.0.0", 80)) server.listen(1) while True: print("\\n--- Waiting for fresh connection ---") conn, addr = server.accept() print("New client from:", addr) try: # 1. Handle Handshake raw_request = conn.recv(1024).decode() if "Sec-WebSocket-Key" in raw_request: ws_key = raw_request.split("Sec-WebSocket-Key: ")[1].split("\\r\\n")[0].strip() accept_key = websocket_accept(ws_key) handshake = ( "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\\r\\n" "Upgrade: websocket\\r\\n" "Connection: Upgrade\\r\\n" f"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {accept_key}\\r\\n\\r\\n" ) conn.send(handshake) print("Handshake Success!") # 2. Communication Loop while True: data = conn.recv(1024) if not data: print("Client disconnected.") break msg = ws_decode(data) print("Cmd:", msg) if msg == "ON": led.value(1) reply = "LED IS ON" elif msg == "OFF": led.value(0) reply = "LED IS OFF" else: reply = "OK" # Send response frame frame = bytearray([0x81, len(reply)]) + reply.encode() conn.send(frame) else: print("Not a WebSocket request.") except Exception as e: print("Error during session:", e) finally: conn.close() print("Connection closed. Ready for next.") ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "micropython", "pi-pico-w", "pico-w", "websocket", "wifi"], }, { id: "100d-wi-fi-controlled-4wd-robot-car", title: "Wi Fi Controlled 4WD Robot Car", description: "Wi Fi Controlled 4WD Robot Car on ESP32 (MicroPython) \u2014 uses Wi-Fi. From Kritish Mohapatra's 100 Days of IoT series: https://github.com/kritishmohapatra/100_Days_100_IoT_Projects", category: "robotics", difficulty: "intermediate", boardType: "esp32", languageMode: 'micropython', files: [ { name: "main.py", content: `import network import socket from machine import Pin import time # Wi-Fi credentials SSID = "kritish" PASSWORD = "pass" # Driver 1 (Front) IN1 = Pin(27, Pin.OUT) IN2 = Pin(26, Pin.OUT) IN3 = Pin(25, Pin.OUT) IN4 = Pin(33, Pin.OUT) # Driver 2 (Rear) IN5 = Pin(19, Pin.OUT) IN6 = Pin(18, Pin.OUT) IN7 = Pin(5, Pin.OUT) IN8 = Pin(17, Pin.OUT) def forward(): IN1.value(1); IN2.value(0) IN3.value(0); IN4.value(1) IN5.value(1); IN6.value(0) IN7.value(0); IN8.value(1) def backward(): IN1.value(0); IN2.value(1) IN3.value(1); IN4.value(0) IN5.value(0); IN6.value(1) IN7.value(1); IN8.value(0) def left(): IN1.value(1); IN2.value(0) IN3.value(1); IN4.value(0) IN5.value(1); IN6.value(0) IN7.value(1); IN8.value(0) def right(): IN1.value(0); IN2.value(1) IN3.value(0); IN4.value(1) IN5.value(0); IN6.value(1) IN7.value(0); IN8.value(1) def stop(): IN1.value(0); IN2.value(0) IN3.value(0); IN4.value(0) IN5.value(0); IN6.value(0) IN7.value(0); IN8.value(0) # Wi-Fi Connect wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wifi.active(True) wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD) print("Connecting to Wi-Fi...") while not wifi.isconnected(): time.sleep(0.5) print(".") print("Connected! IP:", wifi.ifconfig()[0]) # Web Page def webpage(): html = """ ESP32 Car

ESP32 Car Control

Forward
Left Stop Right
Backward
""" return html # Web Server server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) server.bind(('', 80)) server.listen(5) print("Server started!") while True: conn, addr = server.accept() request = conn.recv(1024).decode() if '/forward' in request: forward() elif '/backward' in request: backward() elif '/left' in request: left() elif '/right' in request: right() elif '/stop' in request: stop() conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Type: text/html\\r\\n\\r\\n') conn.send(webpage()) conn.close() ` }, ], code: '', components: [], wires: [], tags: ["100-days", "esp32", "micropython", "wifi"], }, ];