The ILI9341 part simulation only hooked AVR's SPI peripheral. For
ESP32 the simulator is Esp32BridgeShim (no .spi member), so
attachEvents bailed early and the LCD stayed black even though the
firmware was driving SPI traffic correctly.
The QEMU worker already emits per-byte spi_event WS messages
(see backend/app/services/esp32_worker.py::_on_spi_event), and the
Esp32Bridge already had an onSpiEvent hook — but the bridge was
reading msg.data.data (a non-existent field) instead of decoding
the worker's {bus, event, response} format. Fixed.
Two changes:
1. Esp32Bridge.ts: decode the spi_event payload correctly. The
worker encodes byte transfers as `mosi << 8` (op = low byte = 0x00)
and CS-line changes as `((cs<<1)|level) << 8 | 0x01` (op == 0x01).
Added onSpiByte (per-byte) and onSpiCsChange callbacks alongside
the existing onSpiEvent for backwards compat.
2. ComplexParts.ts ili9341Simulation: detect Esp32BridgeShim via
`getBridge()` duck-type check. When present, subscribe to
bridge.onSpiByte and feed bytes into the same processCommand /
processData pipeline used by the AVR path. DC tracking via
pinManager.onPinChange already works for ESP32 because the bridge
fires triggerPinChange on every gpio_change WS event.
Verified end-to-end: ESP32-CAM + ILI9341 example in the gallery now
renders the live webcam preview to the simulated TFT (160×120 RGB565
centered in the 320×240 panel) at ~3-4 fps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
First open-source end-to-end emulation of the AI-Thinker ESP32-CAM
in QEMU, paired with a browser webcam → firmware bridge so users can
develop camera sketches without hardware. Status: esp_camera_init()
returns ESP_OK; OV2640 chip-id verifies (PID/VER/MIDH/MIDL exactly
match the datasheet); GPIO 25 VSYNC NEGEDGE interrupt enabled by
the upstream driver. Final piece (cam_task accepting frames) is in
progress — descriptor walker fix landed in this commit.
Backend (Python/FastAPI):
- simulation.py: camera_attach/frame/detach WS handlers
- esp32_worker.py: ctypes binding to velxio_push_camera_frame +
feature-detection fallback for older DLLs
- esp32_lib_manager.py: forward camera commands to the worker stdin
- esp-idf-template/main/CMakeLists.txt: esp32-camera headers added
via add_prebuilt_library + REQUIRES driver (resolves i2c_master_*
symbols). LED_BUILTIN=2 fallback for sketches that hardcode it.
Frontend (React/TS):
- EditorToolbar.tsx: ESP32-CAM (and the rest of the ESP32 family)
added to isQemuBoard list — Run button now starts the QEMU bridge
for these boards instead of falling through to the AVR path
- useWebcamFrames.ts: getUserMedia → OffscreenCanvas →
toBlob('image/jpeg') → base64 → WS at ~10 fps
- CameraToggle.tsx: header button with status colors + frame counter
- SimulatorCanvas.tsx: render CameraToggle for esp32-cam boards
- Esp32Bridge.ts: sendCameraAttach/Frame/Detach + chunked btoa
- useSimulatorStore.ts: diagnostic log on compileBoardProgram
- components-metadata.json: regen including esp32-cam component
Submodule pointer:
- wokwi-libs/qemu-lcgamboa → ff8eee0 (camera devices commit on
davidmonterocrespo24/qemu-lcgamboa branch picsimlab-esp32)
Investigation + tests in test/test-esp32-cam/:
- 13 autosearch markdown docs (overview, SOTA, OV2640 spec, DVP/I2S
spec, build blueprint, blockers resolved, descriptor walker fix)
- 5 sketches (camera_init, sccb_probe, dma_smoke, frame_roundtrip,
webcam_demo) + 8 live + WS regression tests
- README with the user-facing flow
.gitignore:
- libqemu-*.dll.{pre-camera,new,bak} (rollback points, regenerated)
- wokwi-libs/esp32-camera/ (clone consumed by arduino-esp32 path,
not part of this repo)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Implement UC8159cDecoder for handling 7-colour ACeP panels.
- Introduce painting functions for UC8159c frames in EPaperPart.
- Update EPaperPart to handle both SSD168x and UC8159c frame types.
- Add integration tests for EPaperPart and UC8159cDecoder.
- Create example sketch for 5.65" ACeP 7-colour panel.
- Enhance error handling in test cases for library dependencies.
- Introduced EPaperPanels.ts to define configurations for various ePaper panels including dimensions, refresh rates, and controller details.
- Implemented SSD168xDecoder.ts to handle the decoding of SPI commands for the SSD168x family of ePaper displays.
- Created EPaperPart.ts to manage the simulation of ePaper panels, integrating with the existing simulator architecture and handling events.
- Added example sketches for 2.13", 2.9", 4.2", and 7.5" ePaper displays, demonstrating basic functionality and text rendering.
- Ensured compatibility with AVR, RP2040, and ESP32 platforms, with appropriate pin configurations for each.
- Introduced SVG layout dimensions for Phase 1 (B/W mono) and Phase 2 (colour) ePaper panels, detailing active areas, bezels, and pin layouts.
- Developed a phased emulation plan outlining the architecture and deliverables for different panel types, including SSD168x and UC81xx.
- Created a canonical "Hello, World!" sketch for the 1.54" ePaper panel, ensuring compatibility across ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico, and Arduino Uno.
- Implemented a pure Python SSD168x decoder to validate SPI command sets and framebuffers against specifications.
- Added tests for compiling the hello-world sketch across supported boards and for the SSD168x protocol to ensure correct framebuffer behavior.
- Implemented handshake tests to validate initial bus state and register responses.
- Created end-to-end tests for Pico W LED blinking using MicroPython firmware.
- Added SDPCM framing tests to ensure proper encoding and decoding of control frames.
- Developed IOCTL tests to verify command responses and state changes in the emulator.
- Established a full lifecycle test for WiFi operations, including scanning, connecting, and packet handling.
- Introduced TypeScript configuration for test files to ensure compatibility and strict type checking.
- Implemented `esp32_spi_chip_demo.ino` to demonstrate SPI communication with a 74HC595 shift register.
- Created `esp32_uart_chip_demo.ino` for UART loopback testing with ROT13 transformation.
- Added Python tests for compiling chips and sketches, ensuring valid WASM output and successful compilation for various board families.
- Developed end-to-end tests for ESP32 with custom chips using I2C and SPI, validating synchronous communication through the backend.
- Introduced GPIO bridge tests to verify serial communication and GPIO state changes.
- Ensured all tests validate the expected behavior of the custom chips and their interaction with the ESP32 firmware.
Fixes the user-reported bug where two RPi Pico W boards wired GP0↔GP1
running SerialPassthrough don't communicate. Replaces the broken
broadcast-style cross-board logic in addBoard (only routed AVR↔Pi3B,
ignored wires entirely, no RP2040↔anything path) with a wire-aware
Interconnect singleton.
Architecture: digital pin transitions are the lowest-common-denominator
abstraction. Each simulator's hardware peripherals (UART/I2C/SPI) and
bit-banging libraries (SoftwareSerial, software I2C) decode the
transitions naturally — propagate the pin and the protocols come for
free. For cross-process boards (ESP32 backend QEMU, Pi3B QEMU) a
byte-level shortcut is additionally enabled on hardware-UART pin
pairs to handle high-baud links over WebSocket latency.
Implementation:
- New simulation/Interconnect.ts singleton subscribes to wire/board
changes via the Zustand store. Handlers per tier: browser-sim →
pinManager.onPinChange, ESP32 → Esp32Bridge.sendPinEvent, Pi3B →
bridge.sendPinEvent. Re-entrancy guard via per-(board,pin) Set.
- New utils/boardProtocols.ts classifies pins (uart-tx, i2c-sda, etc.)
per board kind, used as optimization hint for the byte shortcut.
- types/wire.ts: added signalType field, exports WireSignalType /
WireColorMap (fixes a pre-existing TS import error in wireColors).
- Deleted the bridgeMap/simulatorMap broadcast forEach blocks in
addBoard. Initial board + future boards register with Interconnect
via setInterconnectRuntime + store subscription.
- PinManager.resetPinStates() helper for test isolation.
Tests (16 new files, 96 tests, all passing):
- Per-pair × per-protocol matrix: dual-arduino-digital,
dual-pico-digital, arduino-pico-digital, triple-pico-digital-chain,
dual-arduino-hw-uart, dual-arduino-software-serial,
arduino-pico-mixed-uart, arduino-esp32-uart, dual-esp32-uart,
pi3-pico-uart, arduino-pico-i2c, arduino-arduino-spi,
interconnect-routing, dual-arduino-multi-protocol (UART+I2C+SPI+
digital + concurrent), dual-pico-multi-protocol (UART0+UART1 alt+
I2C0+I2C1+SPI0+digital + 3-Pico star topology)
- Updated dual-pico-serial-passthrough to assert correct behaviour
- Backend test/multi_board_esp32/test_dual_esp32_serial.py for two
real QEMU instances (skip-graceful when lcgamboa lib absent)
Verified: 1107/1107 tests pass, zero regressions, vite build OK.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The SPICE emitter already reads properties.lux (default 500, 100 nA/lux)
but the UI had no way to set it — the static dialog rejected the "range"
control type and there was no entry in SENSOR_CONTROLS for the live panel.
- Add photodiode entry in SENSOR_CONTROLS (slider 0-1000 lux)
- Register a minimal PartSimulationRegistry handler that forwards slider
values via emitPropertyChange so the netlist memo invalidates
- Switch the photodiode lux control from "range" to "number" so the
static ComponentPropertyDialog renders an editable input
- Modified the index file to reflect the new naming convention for Velxio components.
- Changed JSX declarations to use 'velxio-' prefix for various components.
- Updated component overrides to replace 'wokwi-' with 'velxio-' for logic gates and other components.
- Adjusted SVG generation script to use 'velxio-' prefix for BMP280 and Raspberry Pi components.
- Marked submodules as dirty in QEMU and RP2040 libraries.
- Added .prettierignore and .prettierrc.json for consistent code formatting.
- Introduced InstrumentComponent with support for Voltmeter and Ammeter, including pin information handling.
- Implemented a script to inject passive-component preset variants into `scripts/component-overrides.json`, including resistors, capacitors, and inductors with custom names and thumbnails.
- Added a new custom element `<wokwi-capacitor-electrolytic>` representing a polarized aluminum-can capacitor with appropriate SVG representation.
- Updated metadata generation to accommodate new component names and thumbnails for better user experience in the component picker.
- Marked submodules `qemu-lcgamboa` and `rp2040js` as dirty to reflect local changes.
- Replaced syncStoreProperty function with emitPropertyChange to decouple parts from Zustand store.
- Updated relay component mapping to ensure proper handling of coil and contact states.
- Added new test cases for half-wave rectifier and relay-controlled LED to ensure correct functionality.
- Introduced InlineComponentSVGs for schematic-style icons of various components.
- Updated submodule references for qemu-lcgamboa, rp2040js, and wokwi-elements to indicate dirty state.
- Implement `ammeter-waveform.test.ts` to validate AC readings from a sine wave source.
- Create `capacitor-charge-transient.test.ts` to test the charging response of an RC circuit driven by a microcontroller pin.
- Introduce `esp32-rectifier-integration.test.ts` for testing rectifier behavior using QEMU and ESP32.
- Add helper functions in `esp32RectifierE2E.ts` for the rectifier test harness.
- Develop `voltmeter-waveform.test.ts` to ensure correct AC and DC readings from a sine wave source.
- Implement unit tests for waveform statistics in `waveform-stats.test.ts` to validate RMS, mean, peak, and interpolation functions.
- Create `waveformStats.ts` to provide statistical functions for time-domain waveform analysis.
- Implement `serial-batching.test.ts` to verify the behavior of `createSerialBatcher`, ensuring it coalesces multiple appends into a single flush, preserves byte order, and groups by board.
- Create `spice-rectifier-integration.test.ts` to test the end-to-end functionality of the Half-Wave Rectifier example, covering the entire simulation pipeline from input building to circuit solving.
- Add `spice-rectifier-live-repro.test.ts` to reproduce a live-app failure scenario, tracing through each layer of the simulation to identify potential failure points.
- Introduce `spice-signal-generator-tran.test.ts` to validate the behavior of the signal generator and ensure correct analysis type switching based on circuit components.
- Establish `serialBatcher.ts` to implement a batching mechanism for USART output, reducing the frequency of store updates and preventing React's maximum update depth error.
- Decoupled electrical simulation from the simulator store, ensuring SPICE is always active for accurate circuit analysis.
- Removed feature flag for electrical simulation, simplifying the state management.
- Preloaded SPICE engine at app start to eliminate latency during the first solve.
- Added comprehensive tests for MOSFET PWM LED behavior and NPN transistor switch functionality, ensuring correct current flow and response to pin states.
- Implemented diagnostics for floating input nodes in RC low-pass filter circuits, addressing singular matrix issues in SPICE simulations.
- Introduced active semiconductor metadata registry for better component management and simulation fidelity.
- Updated Vite configuration to force re-bundling of local wokwi-elements after component additions.
Electrical simulation is now active by default (mode='spice' instead of
'off') — users no longer need to toggle the mode on manually. The engine
lazy-loads on first solve, so there is no startup cost penalty.
Changes:
- useElectricalStore: default mode = 'spice' when ELECTRICAL_SIM_ENABLED
- subscribeToStore: ADC_PIN_MAP expanded to all 18 board types (Uno, Nano,
Mega with 16 ADC channels, ATtiny85, RP2040 GP26-29, ESP32/S3/C3 GPIO
ADCs). Voltages from SPICE solutions now inject into MCU ADC peripherals
for all boards.
- BasicParts LED: reads branchCurrents from useElectricalStore when SPICE
is active. Brightness = clamp(|I_led| / 20mA, 0, 1) instead of boolean.
Subscribes to store changes to update in real time.
- ElectricalOverlay: shows per-wire voltage labels (gold monospace on dark
pill) using buildWireNetMap() which replicates the NetlistBuilder's
Union-Find to map wireId -> netName -> nodeVoltage. Summary pill shows
net count + solve time.
- NetlistBuilder: new export buildWireNetMap() for lightweight wire-to-net
resolution without running ngspice.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Adds 44 SPICE mappers, 58 custom metadata entries, and 12 visual
Web Components covering logic gates, transistors, op-amps, regulators,
sources, electromechanical parts and integrated-circuit packaging.
Fase 9 — component catalog expansion
------------------------------------
- 7 logic gates (AND/OR/NAND/NOR/XOR/XNOR + NOT) as SPICE B-sources
- 8 multi-input gates (AND/OR/NAND/NOR with 3 and 4 inputs)
- 9 transistors: 5 BJTs (incl. PNP 2N3906/BC557) + 4 MOSFETs (incl.
P-channel IRF9540/FQP27P06). NMOS refactored from Level=3 W=0.1
(hangs ngspice) to Level=1 with sane W/L
- 5 op-amps: LM358, LM741, TL072, LM324 with per-chip saturation
rails + opamp-ideal
- 4 linear regulators (7805, 7812, 7905, LM317) with dropout
- 3 batteries (9V, AA, coin-cell) with realistic ESR
- Signal generator (sine / square / DC)
- 2 Schottky diodes (1N5817, 1N5819) + photodiode (lux-driven
current source)
Fase 10 — electromechanical + ICs
---------------------------------
- Relay (SPDT): coil + L + S-switch with native hysteresis +
flyback diode, inverted-control trick for the NC contact
- Optocouplers 4N25 and PC817 (LED + CCCS with CTR=0.5 / 1.0)
- 7 74HC ICs as DIP-14 packages emitting 4 or 6 B-sources per
component (first mapper pattern emitting multiple device cards)
- 3 flip-flops (D, T, JK) — digital-sim only (edge detection is
not representable in ngspice .op)
- L293D dual H-bridge motor driver
Infrastructure
--------------
- scripts/component-overrides.json gains a _customComponents[] array
that lets new Velxio-only parts survive metadata regeneration
(previously applyOverrides() could only patch wokwi-elements
components that had already been scanned)
- scripts/generate-component-metadata.ts injects custom entries
before the patch loop
- New ComponentCategory values: 'logic', 'analog', 'electromech'
- frontend/src/components/DynamicComponent.tsx PASSIVE tracing
extended from just ['resistor','resistor-us'] to 9 two-terminal
passives with per-part pin name maps
- New CI workflow test-circuit.yml runs the sandbox on push/PR
- frontend-tests.yml regenerates metadata and fails if committed
JSON is stale
- Documented 2 new ngspice gotchas in circuit-emulation-gotchas.md:
unicode in netlist titles silently hangs the parser, and
MOSFET Level=3 + W=0.1m causes .op to hang
- 164/164 sandbox tests passing in ~9 s (was 88 pre-fase-9)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Implemented Bmp280Element as a custom web component for the BMP280 barometric sensor, including SVG representation and pin configuration.
- Created CircuitPreview component to render circuit thumbnails using SVGs of components, including support for various boards and components.
- Added a script to generate SVG files from wokwi-elements, ensuring proper formatting and structure for reliable rendering.
- Introduced a test HTML generation script to visualize component SVGs.
This commit introduces a detailed markdown document outlining the process of simulating DHT22 and HC-SR04 sensors on the ESP32 platform using Velxio's QEMU fork. The documentation covers the context of the simulation, key callbacks, problems encountered, and solutions implemented for both sensors. It includes architectural details, end-to-end testing procedures, and guidelines for adding new GPIO-timed sensors. The aim is to provide maintainers with a thorough understanding of the GPIO logic and the challenges faced during development.
- Implemented _MPU6050Slave and _BMP280Slave classes for I2C communication.
- Enhanced main function to register these sensors and handle I2C events.
- Updated sensor management to support MPU-6050, BMP280, DS1307, DS3231, SSD1306, and PCF8574.
- Added frontend examples for BMP280 weather station and SSD1306 OLED display.
- Modified Esp32Bridge to handle new I2C transaction events.
- Updated ProtocolParts to support ESP32 path for I2C devices.
- Enhanced useSimulatorStore to manage I2C transaction listeners.
Docker multi-arch:
- Dockerfile downloads arch-specific QEMU .so via TARGETARCH
- docker-publish.yml adds setup-qemu-action and platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
- qemu-lcgamboa submodule updated (matrix build for both architectures)
LED fix:
- LEDs now require cathode wired to GND (or LOW GPIO) to light up
- Previously LEDs turned on with anode HIGH regardless of cathode connection
- Updated tests to verify anode+cathode behavior
- handleRun now auto-compiles for ESP32/QEMU boards when no firmware is
available (same behavior as AVR/RP2040 boards)
- startBoard now reloads compiledProgram into the bridge if _pendingFirmware
was lost (e.g. after a page refresh between compile and run)
- Adds Esp32Bridge.hasFirmware() helper used by the store check
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace arduino-cli with ESP-IDF 4.4.7 for ESP32 compilation — Arduino-compiled
firmware crashes in QEMU (9-28 reboots) while ESP-IDF boots cleanly (0 reboots).
The new espidf_compiler translates Arduino WiFi/WebServer sketches to native
ESP-IDF C code, compiles with cmake+ninja, and merges into 4MB flash images.
Key changes:
- ESP-IDF compiler: translates WiFi.begin/WebServer to esp_wifi/esp_http_server
- ESP-IDF project template with QEMU-optimized sdkconfig (DIO, 40MHz, no WDT)
- WiFi status parser for ESP-IDF serial logs (wifi_status, ble_status events)
- IoT Gateway HTTP reverse proxy for ESP32 web servers
- WiFi/BLE auto-detection from sketch content + visual status icons
- Static IP 192.168.4.15 matching slirp DHCP first-client range
- Docker: new espidf-builder stage with ESP-IDF 4.4.7 toolchain
- 157 tests covering WiFi/BLE for both ESP32 (Xtensa) and ESP32-C3 (RISC-V)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
ESP32-C3 already uses the QEMU backend via Esp32Bridge, not browser-side
emulation. This adds MicroPython support by including C3 in the supported
set, adding the C3 firmware variant to the loader, and bundling the
fallback firmware binary.
Also fixes misleading type comments that said "browser emulation" for C3
boards — they actually use QEMU backend.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Extends MicroPython support (Phase 2) to ESP32 Xtensa boards running on
QEMU. Firmware is downloaded from micropython.org, cached in IndexedDB,
and loaded into QEMU. User code is injected via the raw-paste REPL
protocol after the MicroPython REPL boots.
- Create Esp32MicroPythonLoader.ts for firmware download/cache
- Add raw-paste REPL injection (Ctrl+A → Ctrl+E → code → Ctrl+D) to Esp32Bridge
- Extend loadMicroPythonProgram in store for ESP32 path
- Add ESP32 default MicroPython content (GPIO 2 blink)
- Simplify SerialMonitor Ctrl+C/D to work for all MicroPython boards
- Bundle fallback firmware for ESP32 and ESP32-S3
- Add all ESP32 board variants to SerialMonitor tab maps
Closes#3 (Phase 2)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implements MicroPython emulation for Raspberry Pi Pico boards running
entirely in the browser using rp2040js. Users can toggle between
Arduino C++ and MicroPython modes via a language selector dropdown.
Key changes:
- Add LanguageMode type and BOARD_SUPPORTS_MICROPYTHON to board types
- Create MicroPythonLoader.ts: UF2 firmware parser, LittleFS filesystem
builder (via littlefs-wasm), IndexedDB firmware caching
- Extend RP2040Simulator with loadMicroPython() method using USBCDC for
serial REPL instead of UART
- Add setBoardLanguageMode and loadMicroPythonProgram store actions
- Update EditorToolbar with language toggle and MicroPython compile flow
- Enhance SerialMonitor with REPL label, Ctrl+C/D support
- Bundle MicroPython v1.20.0 UF2 firmware as fallback in public/firmware/
- Update useEditorStore to create main.py default for MicroPython mode
Closes#3
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
fix: improve session ID handling in Esp32Bridge and update WebSocket close logging
chore: mark subprojects as dirty in QEMU, RP2040, and Wokwi elements libraries
- Added board-agnostic sensor registration methods in RP2040Simulator.
- Enhanced ComplexParts to handle LEDC PWM duty updates for ESP32.
- Updated ProtocolParts to check if the simulator handles sensor protocols natively, delegating to backend if applicable.
- Introduced pre-registration of sensors in useSimulatorStore for ESP32 to prevent race conditions.
- Added tests for ESP32 DHT22 sensor registration flow, ensuring proper delegation and fallback mechanisms.
- Created tests for ESP32 Servo and Potentiometer interactions, verifying PWM subscriptions and ADC handling.
David Montero Crespo